Formulasi Gel Hand Sanitizer Berbahan Lidah Buaya dan Jeruk Nipis serta Aktivitas Antibakterinya terhadap Escherichia coli Formulation of Hand Sanitizer Gel Containing Aloe Vera and Lime and Its Antibacterial Activity against Escherichia coli
Article Sidebar
Page Numbers:
2711-2726
Digital Object Identifier:
10.58578/masaliq.v6i5.11851
Viewed: 0 times
Downloaded: 0 times
LYAS Publisher cordially invites qualified professionals to serve as Editors or Reviewers. Your expertise will make an important contribution to maintaining and strengthening the academic quality of our publications. Interested applicants are kindly requested to complete the application form at the following link: Editors & Reviewers
Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information about the submission process or if you have any additional questions.
Authors:Dinda Aulia Rahmi1*, Umar Kalmar Nizar2, Desy Kurniawati3
Copyright :Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
Main Article Content
Abstract
The use of natural ingredient-based hand sanitizers represents an alternative approach to developing practical antiseptic preparations that may provide comfort to the skin. This study aimed to formulate hand sanitizer gels containing aloe vera gel (Aloe vera) and lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) at several concentration variations and to evaluate their physical characteristics and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The study employed a laboratory experimental method with four formulations, namely F0, F1, F2, and F3, which differed in the amounts of aloe vera gel and lime juice. The preparation evaluation included homogeneity, organoleptic characteristics, pH, and antibacterial activity. The results showed that all formulations remained in gel form throughout the observation period, with variations in color and aroma influenced by the addition of natural ingredients. The pH values of all formulations ranged from 5.0 to 5.5, namely 5.0 for F0, 5.1 for F1, 5.4 for F2, and 5.5 for F3. Antibacterial testing showed the growth of E. coli in F0, whereas no bacterial growth was visually observed in F1, F2, F3, or the positive control. Nevertheless, all formulations still exhibited slight clumping, and the antibacterial testing conducted remained qualitative. These findings indicate that the combination of aloe vera gel and lime juice has the potential to be developed as natural ingredients in hand sanitizer formulations. Quantitative antibacterial testing and further stability evaluation are required to confirm the effectiveness and quality of the preparations.
Citation Metrics:
Downloads
Citation Metrics & Similar Scopus Articles
-
Almutairi D. (2027)Comprehensive systematic literature review in hand–eye camera calibrationRobotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 103
-
Song Y. (2027)Simultaneous identification of kinematic and hand-eye parameters for parallel grinding systemRobotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 103
-
Tao Y. (2027)Tactile rolling fingertip-informed DLO shape modeling and manipulation method for bimanual cable routingRobotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 103
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Casciaro, B., Mangiardi, L., Cappiello, F., Romeo, I., Loffredo, M. R., Iazzetti, A., Calcaterra, A., Goggiamani, A., Ghirga, F., Mangoni, M. L., Botta, B., & Quaglio, D. (2020). Naturally-occurring alkaloids of plant origin as potential antimicrobials against antibiotic-resistant infections. Molecules, 25(16), Article 3619. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163619
Crowley, J., Withana, M., & Deplazes, E. (2022). The interaction of steroids with phospholipid bilayers and membranes. Biophysical Reviews, 14(1), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-021-00918-2
Del Giudice, P. (2020). Skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 100(9), Article adv00110. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-3466
Dewi, R., & Marniza, E. (2019). Aktivitas antibakteri gel lidah buaya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Saintek Lahan Kering, 2(2), 61–62. https://doi.org/10.32938/slk.v2i2.888
Donadio, G., Mensitieri, F., Santoro, V., Parisi, V., Bellone, M. L., De Tommasi, N., Izzo, V., & Dal Piaz, F. (2021). Interactions with microbial proteins driving the antibacterial activity of flavonoids. Pharmaceutics, 13(5), Article 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050660
Dong, S., Yang, X., Zhao, L., Zhang, F., Hou, Z., & Xue, P. (2020). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products, 149, Article 112350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112350
Efrilia, E., Anindhita, M. A., & Ermawati, N. (2021). Formulation of hand sanitizer gel extract of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck with combination of Carbopol and HPMC as gelling agent. International Journal of Pharmacy, 11(10), 16–28. https://www.pharmascholars.com/abstract/formulation-of-hand-sanitizer-gel-extract-of-citrus-sinensis-l-osbeck-withrncombination-of-carbopol-and-hpmc-as-gelling--84062.html
Farha, A. K., Yang, Q.-Q., Kim, G., Li, H.-B., Zhu, F., Liu, H.-Y., Gan, R.-Y., & Corke, H. (2020). Tannins as an alternative to antibiotics. Food Bioscience, 38, Article 100751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100751
Handayani, R., Qamariah, N., & Bestary, Y. (2022). Formulasi sediaan gel hand sanitizer dengan kombinasi ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) dan ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.). Jurnal Surya Medika, 8(3), 282–289. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v8i3.4523
Handayani, R., Wahyuningsih, T., & Yulfida, Y. (2021). Uji kepekaan air perasan jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia S.) varietas kuyun padee dan varietas nipis borneo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Simplisia, 1(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.30867/jifs.v1i1.89
Jing, J. L. J., Pei Yi, T., Bose, R. J. C., McCarthy, J. R., Tharmalingam, N., & Madheswaran, T. (2020). Hand sanitizers: A review on formulation aspects, adverse effects, and regulations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), Article 3326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093326
Khan, B. A., Ali, A., Hosny, K. M., Halwani, A. A., Almehmady, A. M., Iqbal, M., Alharbi, W. S., Abualsunun, W. A., Bakhaidar, R. B., Murshid, S. S. A., & Khan, M. K. (2022). Carbopol emulgel loaded with ebastine for urticaria: Development, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Delivery, 29(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2021.2015483
Li, J., & Monje-Galvan, V. (2023). In vitro and in silico studies of antimicrobial saponins: A review. Processes, 11(10), Article 2856. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102856
Liu, C., Cui, Y., Pi, F., Cheng, Y., Guo, Y., & Qian, H. (2019). Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities and pharmacological applications of acemannan, a polysaccharide from Aloe vera: A review. Molecules, 24(8), Article 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081554
Nafisa, S., Swandiny, G. F., Gangga, E., & Zaenudin, Y. A. (2022). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Citrus aurantifolia leaves ethanolic extract. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 19(2), 287–291. https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v19i2.1095
Riley, L. W. (2020). Distinguishing pathovars from nonpathovars: Escherichia coli. Microbiology Spectrum, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.AME-0014-2020
Ritmaleni, Putri, D. S. S., Wulandari, T., Zulkarnain, A. K., & Murrukmihadi, M. (2021). The effect of variation of tetrahydropentagamavunon-0 concentration in lotion and emulgel formula toward acute dermal irritation study. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 12(2), 127–131. https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_270_20
Sarengaowa, Hu, W., Feng, K., Xiu, Z., Jiang, A., Lao, Y., Li, Y., Long, Y., Guan, Y., Ji, Y., & Yang, X. (2020). Antimicrobial mechanisms of essential oils and their components on pathogenic bacteria: A review. Food Science, 41(11), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20190603-018
Soleha, S., Maretha, D. E., Saputra, A., & Masri, M. (2023). The effect of concentration eco-enzyme Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit on antimicrobial activity. Jurnal Pembelajaran Biologi: Kajian Biologi dan Pembelajarannya, 10(2), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.36706/fpbio.v10i2.22749
Sulaiman, M., Ebehairy, L., Nissapatorn, V., Rahmatullah, M., Villegas, J., Dupa, H. J. P., Verzosa, R. C., Dolma, K. G., Shabaz, M., Lanting, S., Rusdi, N. A., Abdullah, N. H., Bin Break, M. K., Khoo, T. J., Wang, W., & Wiart, C. (2024). Antibacterial phenolic compounds from the flowering plants of Asia and the Pacific: Coming to the light. Pharmaceutical Biology, 62(1), 713–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2024.2407530
Sumarsih, S. (2021). Uji daya hambat bakteri Escherichia coli pada produk hand sanitizer. Indonesian Journal of Laboratory, 4(2), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v4i2.68103
Suryati, N., Bahar, E., & Ilmiawati, I. (2018). Uji efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak Aloe vera terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli secara in vitro. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 6(3), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v6i3.732
Zhang, Z., Cao, M., Shang, Z., Xu, J., Chen, X., Zhu, Z., Wang, W., Wei, X., Zhou, X., Bai, Y., & Zhang, J. (2025). Research progress on the antibacterial activity of natural flavonoids. Antibiotics, 14(4), Article 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14040334