Pengaruh Konsentrasi Oksidasi NaIO4 dan NaCIO terhadap Pembentukan Gugus Karbonil pada Permukaan Selulosa sebagai Adsorben untuk Adsorpsi Logam Pb(SO4) The Effect of NaIO4 and NaCIO Oxidation Concentrations on the Formation of Carbonyl Groups on the Cellulose Surface as an Adsorbent for Pb(SO4) Metal Adsorption

Article Sidebar

Page Numbers: 1741-1753
Download PDF
Published: Jun 30, 2026
Digital Object Identifier: 10.58578/masaliq.v6i4.10937
Save this to:
Save to Mendeley Download RIS

Article Metrics:
Viewed: 2 times
Downloaded: 1 times
Article can trace at:

Author Fee:
Free Publication Fees for Foreign Researchers (USD 0.00)
Check for article on SINTA:

LYAS Publisher cordially invites qualified professionals to serve as Editors or Reviewers. Your expertise will make an important contribution to maintaining and strengthening the academic quality of our publications. Interested applicants are kindly requested to complete the application form at the following link: Editors & Reviewers

Connected Papers:
Connected Papers

Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information about the submission process or if you have any additional questions.

Authors:
Sri Rahma1*, Jon Efendi2
Copyright :

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.


Main Article Content

Sri Rahma
Universitas Negri Padang
Jon Efendi
Universitas Negeri Padang

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution, particularly lead (Pb), has become an urgent environmental issue, thereby requiring the development of effective and sustainable adsorbent materials. Cellulose, as a natural biopolymer, has potential as an adsorbent, but its adsorption capacity remains limited due to the low number of active groups on its surface. This study aims to evaluate the effect of sodium periodate (NaIO₄) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) concentrations on the formation of carbonyl groups in cellulose as a prospective adsorbent for Pb ions. This study used a laboratory experimental method by modifying cellulose through variations in NaIO₄ concentrations of 0.01 M and 0.02 M, followed by an oxidation process using NaClO. The modified products were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify changes in functional groups after the oxidation process. The FTIR analysis results showed the presence of an absorption peak at a wavenumber of 1641 cm⁻¹, indicating the formation of carbonyl groups (C=O), as well as absorption peaks at 3333.9 cm⁻¹ and 1030 cm⁻¹, which respectively indicated the presence of O–H and C–O groups characteristic of cellulose. Increasing the oxidant concentration resulted in a higher carbonyl peak intensity, indicating an increased degree of oxidation on the cellulose surface. Thus, cellulose modification using NaIO₄ and NaClO was proven to increase the number of active groups on the cellulose surface. These findings contribute to the development of environmentally friendly biomass-based adsorbent materials with potential use for the adsorption of heavy metal ions, particularly Pb.

Keywords:
Share Article:

Citation Metrics:

 Scopus



Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Scopus Citation Data

Citation data unavailable
Check Secondary Documents in Scopus
Open this article in Scopus, then check the Secondary documents tab. Use Manual Citation Fallback only for counts you have verified manually.
Open in Scopus
Similar Scopus Articles
Scopus
  1. Chen J. (2026)
    Rapid conversion of hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membranes to superhydrophilic ones by surface polydopamine coating accelerated by sodium periodate (NaIO4) and crosslinked with polyethyleneimine
    Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 744
  2. Rong Y. (2026)
    NaIO4-Promoted Selenylation/Cyclization Reactions of 1-(2-(Vinyloxy)aryl)-Indoles to Assemble Selenized Benzo[5,6][1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]indole Derivatives
    Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, 368(9)
  3. Wang X. (2026)
    Functional pectin-based chromium-free tanning agent with outstanding antimicrobial and yellowing resistance toward sustainable leather processing
    Collagen and Leather, 8(1)

Article Details

How to Cite
Rahma, S., & Efendi, J. (2026). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Oksidasi NaIO4 dan NaCIO terhadap Pembentukan Gugus Karbonil pada Permukaan Selulosa sebagai Adsorben untuk Adsorpsi Logam Pb(SO4). MASALIQ, 6(4), 1741-1753. https://doi.org/10.58578/masaliq.v6i4.10937

Creative Commons License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

References

Abdel-Halim, E. S. (2014). Chemical modification of cellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse: Preparation of hydroxyethyl cellulose. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(3), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.05.006

Acharya, S., Liyanage, S., Abidi, N., Parajuli, P., Rumi, S. S., & Shamshina, J. L. (2021). Utilization of cellulose to its full potential: A review on cellulose dissolution, regeneration, and applications. Polymers, 13(24), Article 4344. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244344

Al-Tamrah, S., & Al-Abbad, S. (2015). Spectrophotometric determination of procainamide hydrochloride using sodium periodate. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 8(5), 609–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.02.004

Arndt, S., Kohlpaintner, P. J., Donsbach, K., & Waldvogel, S. R. (2022). Synthesis and applications of periodate for fine chemicals and important pharmaceuticals. Organic Process Research & Development, 26(9), 2564–2613. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00161

Atalla, R. H. (1990). The structures of cellulose. MRS Proceedings, 197, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-197-89

Cai, C., Chen, X., Li, Y., & Jiang, Q. (2023). Advances in the role of sodium hypochlorite irrigant in chemical preparation of root canal treatment. BioMed Research International, 2023, Article 8858283. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8858283

Calvini, P., Gorassini, A., Luciano, G., & Franceschi, E. (2006). FTIR and WAXS analysis of periodate oxycellulose: Evidence for a cluster mechanism of oxidation. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 40(2), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2005.08.004

Daochalermwong, A., Chanka, N., Songsrirote, K., Dittanet, P., Niamnuy, C., & Seubsai, A. (2020). Removal of heavy metal ions using modified celluloses prepared from pineapple leaf fiber. ACS Omega, 5(10), 5285–5296. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b04326

Dewi, D. C. (2013). Determinasi Kadar Logam Timbal (Pb) dalam Makanan Kaleng Menggunakan Destruksi Basah dan Destruksi Kering. Alchemy, 2(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v0i0.2299

Dibha, A. F., Masruri, & Srihardyastutie, A. (2023). Degradable bioplastic developed from pine-wood nanocellulose as a filler combined with orange peel extract. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 23(1), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.75520

Dwantari, I. P. S., & Wiyantoko, B. (2019). Analisa Kesadahan Total, Logam Timbal (Pb), dan Kadmium (Cd) dalam Air Sumur dengan Metode Titrasi Kompleksometri dan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. IJCA (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis), 2(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.20885/ijca.vol2.iss1.art2

Hou, G., Chitbanyong, K., Takeuchi, M., Shibata, I., & Isogai, A. (2023). Comprehensive study of preparation of carboxy group-containing cellulose fibers from dry-lap kraft pulps by catalytic oxidation with solid NaOCl. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 11(40), 14782–14792. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04750

Jaihan, W., Mohdee, V., Sanongraj, S., & Pancharoen, U. (2022). Biosorption of lead(II) from aqueous solution using cellulose-based bio-adsorbents prepared from unripe papaya (Carica papaya) peel waste: Removal efficiency, thermodynamics, kinetics and isotherm analysis. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(7), Article 103883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103883

Jamshaid, A., Hamid, A., Muhammad, N., Naseer, A., Ghauri, M., Iqbal, J., Rafiq, S., & Shah, N. S. (2017). Cellulose-based materials for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater: An overview. ChemBioEng Reviews, 4(4), 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201700002

Kesar, S., & Bhatti, M. S. (2022). Chlorination of secondary treated wastewater with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl): An effective single alternate to other disinfectants. Heliyon, 8(11), Article e11162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11162

Kim, U. J., Kuga, S., Wada, M., Okano, T., & Kondo, T. (2000). Periodate oxidation of crystalline cellulose. Biomacromolecules, 1(3), 488–492. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0000337

Kumar, S., Maisa, M., Elias, V., Kaisa, V., Koivula, A., Linder, M. B., Arola, S., & Sammalkorpi, M. (2021). Effect of oxidation on cellulose and water structure: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Cellulose, 28(7), 3917–3933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03751-8

Liimatainen, H., Sirviö, J., Pajari, H., Hormi, O., & Niinimäki, J. (2013). Regeneration and recycling of aqueous periodate solution in dialdehyde cellulose production. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 33(4), 258–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2013.783076

Madhushree, M., Vairavel, P., Mahesha, G. T., & Bhat, K. S. (2025). Oxidative modifications of cellulose: Methods, mechanisms, and emerging applications. Journal of Natural Fibers, 22(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2025.2497910

Makhado, E., Seleka, W. M., Mahlaule, L., Selowa, K., Abu, M. H., Botlhoko, O. J., Satekge, T. K., & Hato, M. J. (2025). Comparative extraction and characterisation of cellulose nanostructures from sawdust and maize stalk biomass. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 329(P1), Article 147842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.147842

Marinho, E. (2025). Cellulose: A comprehensive review of its properties and applications. Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment, 11, Article 100283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100283

Matsuki, S., Kayano, H., Takada, J., Kono, H., Fujisawa, S., Saito, T., & Isogai, A. (2020). Nanocellulose production via one-pot formation of C2 and C3 carboxylate groups using highly concentrated NaClO aqueous solution. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(48), 17800–17806. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06515

Missoum, K., Belgacem, M. N., & Bras, J. (2013). Nanofibrillated cellulose surface modification: A review. Materials, 6(5), 1745–1766. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6051745

Mulyadi, I. (2019). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Selulosa: Review. Jurnal Saintika Unpam: Jurnal Sains dan Matematika Unpam, 1(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.32493/jsmu.v1i2.2381

Oktavia, B., Sari, M. P., Sary, R. C., Lisa, M., Nasra, E., Zainul, R., & Efendi, J. (2019). Optimization and analysis of some oxinate metal complex system as introduction test for HPLC analysis. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1317(1), Article 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012024

Riyanto, C. A., Ariesto, Y., Christyawardana, F. T. A., Pradana, Y. K. S., Puspita, N. V. W., Sari, I. P., Yonggulemba, J. D. M., Tumbelaka, M. E., Hutagalung, S., Hanief, F., & Rustyawan, W. (2025). Preparasi Karbon Aktif Sekam Padi dan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati melalui Proses Refluks sebagai Adsorben Larutan Multi Ion Fe(II)/Cu(II). ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 21(1), 104–120. https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.21.1.92401.104-120

Saito, T., Hirota, M., Tamura, N., & Isogai, A. (2010). Oxidation of bleached wood pulp by TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 system: Effect of the oxidation conditions on carboxylate content and degree of polymerization. Journal of Wood Science, 56(3), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-009-1092-7

Scott, I. U., Green, W. R., Goyal, A. K., de la Cruz, Z., Naidu, S., & Moser, H. (1993). New sites of ocular involvement in late-infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy revealed by histopathologic studies. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 231(3), 187–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00920946

Sharma, K., Choudhary, P., Majeed, A., Guleria, S., & Kumar, M. (2025). Cellulose-based membranes, hydrogels and aerogels for water treatment application. Industrial Crops and Products, 225, Article 120474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120474

Simon, J., Fliri, L., Drexler, F., Bacher, M., Sapkota, J., Ristolainen, M., Hummel, M., Potthast, A., & Rosenau, T. (2023). Debugging periodate oxidation of cellulose: Why following the common protocol of quenching excess periodate with glycol is a bad idea. Carbohydrate Polymers, 310, Article 120691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120691

Simon, J., Fliri, L., Sapkota, J., Ristolainen, M., Miller, S. A., Hummel, M., Rosenau, T., & Potthast, A. (2023). Reductive amination of dialdehyde cellulose: Access to renewable thermoplastics. Biomacromolecules, 24(1), 166–177. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01022

Souhoka, F. A., & Latupeirissa, J. (2018). Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Asetat (CA). Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 5(2), 58–62. https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2018.5-fen

Su, W., Yang, Y., Dai, H., & Jiang, L. (2015). Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution on Chinese fir bark modified by sodium hypochlorite. BioResources, 10(4), 6993–7008. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.4.6993-7008

Sudalai, A., Khenkin, A., & Neumann, R. (2015). Sodium periodate mediated oxidative transformations in organic synthesis. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 13(15), 4374–4394. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ob00238a

Sun, X., & Jiang, F. (2024). Periodate oxidation-mediated nanocelluloses: Preparation, functionalization, structural design, and applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 341, Article 122305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122305

Varala, R., Dubasi, N., Seema, V., & Kotra, V. (2023). Sodium periodate (NaIO4) in organic synthesis. SynOpen, 7(4), 548–554. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2183-3678

Xing, W., Wang, Z., Zhang, K., Xu, Y., Pan, Y., & Zhang, G. (2025). Flame-retardant and antibacterial multifunctional cellulose fibers with carbamate esterification and phosphorylation modification. Industrial Crops and Products, 233, Article 121482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121482


Explore Our Journals
Find the most suitable journal for your research. If this journal does not fully align with the scope of your manuscript, we invite you to explore our wider portfolio of journals covering diverse fields of study. Please select one of the journals below to identify the most appropriate publication platform for your work.