Optimasi Perbandingan Monomer Fungsional dan Pengikat Silang (Crosslinker) untuk Sintesis IIPs-Zn2+ Menggunakan Metode Fotopolimerisasi Optimization of the Ratio of Functional Monomer and Crosslinking Agent (Crosslinker) for the Synthesis of IIPs-Zn2+ Using the Photopolymerization Method
Article Sidebar
Page Numbers:
890-899
Digital Object Identifier:
10.58578/masaliq.v6i2.9371
Viewed: 83 times
Downloaded: 49 times
LYAS Publisher cordially invites qualified professionals to serve as Editors or Reviewers. Your expertise will make an important contribution to maintaining and strengthening the academic quality of our publications. Interested applicants are kindly requested to complete the application form at the following link: Editors & Reviewers
Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information about the submission process or if you have any additional questions.
Authors:
Rajab Miko1*, Alizar Ulianas2 
Copyright :
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Environmental pollution by heavy metals, particularly Zn2+ ions, has become a serious problem due to increasing industrial activity and their potential toxic effects on ecosystems and human health, thus requiring effective and selective separation methods. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in the amounts of methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker on the adsorption capacity of Ion Imprinted Polymers (IIPs)-Zn synthesized using the photopolymerization method. This study employed a quantitative approach with an experimental design through variations in the composition of MAA and EGDMA, after which the adsorption capacity was tested and analyzed comparatively. The results showed that the optimum adsorption capacity was obtained with the use of 10 mmol MAA at 3.50 mg/g and 15 mmol EGDMA at 3.65 mg/g. Increasing the amounts of MAA and EGDMA beyond the optimum conditions caused a decrease in adsorption capacity due to the formation of an overly dense polymer structure and low porosity, thereby hindering the diffusion of Zn2+ ions into the active sites. These findings indicate that the balance between the amount of functional monomer and crosslinker largely determines the successful formation of selective and efficient imprinting sites. Thus, this study contributes to understanding the mechanism of IIPs formation and provides practical implications for the development of selective adsorbents for the treatment of waste containing heavy metals.
Downloads
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Abd Elnabi, M. K., Elkaliny, N. E., Elyazied, M. M., Azab, S. H., Elkhalifa, S. A., Elmasry, S., Mouhamed, M. S., Shalamesh, E. M., Alhorieny, N. A., Abd Elaty, A. E., Elgendy, I. M., Etman, A. E., Saad, K. E., Tsigkou, K., Ali, S. S., Kornaros, M., & Mahmoud, Y. A. G. (2023). Toxicity of heavy metals and recent advances in their removal: A review. Toxics, 11(7), Article 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070580
Agibayeva, L., Melnikov, Y., Kubiyeva, D., & Kondaurov, R. (2025). Impact of crosslinking agent on sorption properties of molecularly imprinted polymers in relation to silver. Polymers, 17(15), Article 2055. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17152055
Alizar, U., Djaha, N. A., Mawardi, Suryani, O., Dewata, I., Safitri, E., Hidayat, N., Hanifah, S. A., & Hassan, R. A. (2025). Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as adsorbents for methylene blue dye. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 18(1), 352–359. https://rasayanjournal.co.in/abstract.php?id=4439
Bongiovanni, R., Dalle Vacche, S., & Vitale, A. (2021). Photoinduced processes as a way to sustainable polymers and innovation in polymeric materials. Polymers, 13(14), Article 2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13142293
Cajamarca, F. A., & Tarley, C. R. T. (2022). Influence of synthesis parameters and polymerization methods on the selective and adsorptive performance of bio-inspired ion imprinted polymers. Separations, 9(10), Article 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9100266
Cegłowski, M., Kurczewska, J., Lusina, A., Nazim, T., & Ruszkowski, P. (2022). EGDMA- and TRIM-based microparticles imprinted with 5-fluorouracil for prolonged drug delivery. Polymers, 14(5), Article 1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14051027
Djunaidi, M. C., Putri, V. R., Maharani, N. D., Lusiana, R. A., Siahaan, P., & Sunarno, S. (2024). Precipitation polymerization-based molecularly imprinted polymers: A novel approach for transdermal curcumin delivery. Polymers, 16(24), Article 3456. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16243456
Dobrikova, A., Apostolova, E., Adamakis, I.-D. S., Hanć, A., Sperdouli, I., & Moustakas, M. (2022). Combined impact of excess zinc and cadmium on elemental uptake, leaf anatomy and pigments, antioxidant capacity, and function of photosynthetic apparatus in clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Plants, 11(18), Article 2407. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182407
Du, M., Xu, Z., Xue, Y., Li, F., Bi, J., Liu, J., Wang, S., Guo, X., Zhang, P., & Yuan, J. (2024). Application prospect of ion-imprinted polymers in harmless treatment of heavy metal wastewater. Molecules, 29(13), Article 3160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133160
Ge, H., Ding, K., Guo, F., Wu, X., Zhai, N., & Wang, W. (2023). Green and superior adsorbents derived from natural plant gums for removal of contaminants: A review. Materials, 16(1), Article 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010179
Hasanah, A. N., Safitri, N., Zulfa, A., Neli, N., & Rahayu, D. (2021). Factors affecting preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer and methods on finding template-monomer interaction as the key of selective properties of the materials. Molecules, 26(18), Article 5612. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185612
Hong, D., Wang, C., Gao, L., & Nie, C. (2024). Fundamentals, synthetic strategies and applications of non-covalently imprinted polymers. Molecules, 29(15), Article 3555. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153555
Julita, E., Ulianas, A., Ahmad, M. S., Isa, I. M., Yulkifli, Ling, T. L., Yolanda, Y., Nurlely, & Rezayi, M. (2021). Molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres for electrochemical sensing of cholesterol. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 14(3), 1462–1468. https://rasayanjournal.co.in/admin/php/upload/3222_pdf.pdf
Kusumkar, V. V., Galamboš, M., Viglašová, E., Daňo, M., & Šmelková, J. (2021). Ion-imprinted polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption of radionuclides. Materials, 14(5), Article 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051083
Lazar, M. M., Ghiorghita, C. A., Dragan, E. S., Humelnicu, D., & Dinu, M. V. (2023). Ion-imprinted polymeric materials for selective adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Molecules, 28(6), Article 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062798
Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., & Hou, D. (2023). Recent progress of the vat photopolymerization technique in tissue engineering: A brief review of mechanisms, methods, materials, and applications. Polymers, 15(19), Article 3940. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15193940
Mabaso, N. B., Nomngongo, P. N., & Nyaba, L. (2024). Recent advances in synthesising and applying magnetic ion-imprinted polymers to detect, pre-concentrate, and remove heavy metals in various matrices. Processes, 12(8), Article 1601. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081601
Mueller, A. (2021). A note about crosslinking density in imprinting polymerization. Molecules, 26(17), Article 5139. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175139
Schoofs, H., Schmit, J., & Rink, L. (2024). Zinc toxicity: Understanding the limits. Molecules, 29(13), Article 3130. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133130
Seida, Y., & Tokuyama, H. (2022). Hydrogel adsorbents for the removal of hazardous pollutants—Requirements and available functions as adsorbent. Gels, 8(4), Article 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8040220
Zhakina, A. K., Vassilets, Y. P., Arnt, O. V., & Zhakin, A. M. (2024). Synthesis and study of sorption properties of zinc-imprinted polymer. Polymers, 16(24), Article 3545. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16243545
Zhu, D. (2025). Heavy metal contamination and its effects on ecosystems and human health: Challenges and solutions. Toxics, 13(10), Article 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13100837