Pemetaan Potensi Bahaya Kimia pada Produksi Daging Sapi Mercon: Kerangka Evaluasi Berbasis CPPOB Mapping Potential Chemical Hazards in Mercon Beef Production: A CPPOB-Based Evaluation Framework
Main Article Content
Abstract
Beef mercon is a processed food made from meat and spicy seasonings whose ingredients and production stages may pose chemical hazards, while micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the food sector often face resource constraints in controlling risks systematically. This study aimed to map potential chemical hazards throughout the generic production process for beef mercon and formulate preventive measures based on the principles of Cara Produksi Pangan Olahan yang Baik (CPPOB). The study used a descriptive literature review design, drawing on food safety regulations, CPPOB and Codex guidelines, and scientific articles on pesticide residues, toxic metals, food additives, oil oxidation, cleaning agent residues, and migration from packaging. Sources were purposively selected based on their relevance to the product, hazard pathways, control measures, and analytical verification. Data were extracted into a hazard mapping matrix and analyzed qualitatively by linking hazard sources, mechanisms of contaminant entry or formation, preventive measures, and verification evidence in the literature. The mapping identified six main hazard groups: pesticide residues; toxic metals and veterinary drug residues; food additive nonconformities; oil oxidation products; migrants from packaging; and cleaning agent residues. The main control areas included suppliers and raw materials, water and equipment, formulation standardization, heating and oil, sanitation, packaging, and storage. The mapped hazards are potential and do not constitute evidence of actual product contamination. This review provides a mapping framework that can support risk-based CPPOB evaluation and the prioritization of laboratory verification in MSEs in the food sector.
Citation Metrics:
Downloads
Citation Metrics & Similar Scopus Articles
-
Luo Y. (2027)Bacteriophage biocontrol for fresh produce safety: mechanisms, delivery systems, and material-based applicationsFood Control, 193
-
Firmino L. (2027)Research progress on non-conventional processing-induced IAS/NIAS migration behavior and safety assessment of polymeric food packaging materialsFood Control, 193
-
Kazhikenova S.S. (2028)Modelling and Solving Problems of Sustainable Efficiency of Technological Processes in MetallurgyKompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra, 344(1), 65-78
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Ampem, G., Le Gresley, A., Grootveld, M., & Naughton, D. P. (2023). High-resolution ¹H NMR analysis of continuous and discontinuous thermo-oxidative susceptibility of culinary oils during frying at 180 °C. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 31(1), 95–115. https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3439
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 tentang Bahan Tambahan Pangan. https://jdih.pom.go.id/view/slide/848/11/2019/ef55bcef0da94f5598c22cf4c26a3a0a
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 9 Tahun 2022 tentang Persyaratan Cemaran Logam Berat dalam Pangan Olahan. https://jdih.pom.go.id/view/slide/1375/9/2022/223dfa87a512a00d66621905a87091d0
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 13 Tahun 2023 tentang Kategori Pangan. https://jdih.pom.go.id/view/slide/1492/13/2023/b6e43f57d9f0d7ae0cbd1d3e514f9c02
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 6 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 31 Tahun 2018 tentang Label Pangan Olahan. https://jdih.pom.go.id/view/slide/1560/6/2024/312351bff07989769097660a56395065
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2026). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 11 Tahun 2026 tentang Kemasan Pangan. https://jdih.pom.go.id/view/slide/1762/11/2026/283e9902674a002bd3f48e4767535e27
Baranenko, D., Boulkrane, M. S., Borisova, I., Astafyeva, B., Lu, W., & Abd El-Aty, A. M. (2022). Translocation of phthalates from food packaging materials into minced beef. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, Article 813553. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.813553
Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2022). General principles of food hygiene (CXC 1-1969, revised 2022). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; World Health Organization.
Fajarwaty, T., & Jukes, D. (2022). Assessing food safety compliance for food SMEs in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1041(1), Article 012074. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012074
Febri, Apriani, A., Lugeri, L., Siskawanti, F., & Kurniasari, M. (2024). Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in the small scale fish ball food industry. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Applied Science, 2(3), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.58184/jfmas.v2i3.376
Gao, B., Zhang, N., Xu, Y., Xu, B., Zhou, Z., Song, X., Cai, H., Li, Z., Liu, H., Dong, Q., Nychas, G.-J., Liu, Y., Qin, X., & Li, Z. (2025). Analysis of contamination status and quantitative risk assessment of different sequence types of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products. Food Science of Animal Products, 3(4), Article 9240141. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSAP.2025.9240141
Grover, A. K., Chopra, S., & Mosher, G. A. (2016). Food Safety Modernization Act: A quality management approach to identify and prioritize factors affecting adoption of preventive controls among small food facilities. Food Control, 66, 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.001
Guerreiro, T. M., de Oliveira, D. N., Melo, C. F. O. R., Lima, E. O., & Catharino, R. R. (2018). Migration from plastic packaging into meat. Food Research International, 109, 320–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.026
Gupta, R. K., Pipliya, S., Karunanithi, S., Eswaran U, G. M., Kumar, S., Mandliya, S., Srivastav, P. P., Suthar, T., Shaikh, A. M., Harsányi, E., & Kovács, B. (2024). Migration of chemical compounds from packaging materials into packaged foods: Interaction, mechanism, assessment, and regulations. Foods, 13(19), Article 3125. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193125
Hapsari, C. A. P., Purwaningsih, R., Rumita, R., & Wahyuniati, A. (2023). Analisis Kesesuaian Persyaratan GMP dan SSOP pada Produksi Carica (Studi Kasus di CV Gemilang Kencana). Jurnal Agrifoodtech, 1(2), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.56444/agrifoodtech.v1i2.423
Hashemi, M. (2018). Heavy metal concentrations in bovine tissues (muscle, liver and kidney) and their relationship with heavy metal contents in consumed feed. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 154, 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.058
Kurniawan, E. O., Pratama, R. I., Rosidah, & Rostini, I. (2022). Study on the application of GMP and SSOP in efforts to improve food safety in SMEs processed shredded milkfish Bunda Juminah Food in Cipadung Kidul Village, Bandung City. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 18(5), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2022/v18i530454
Li, K., Chen, T., Shi, X., Chen, W., Luo, X., Xiong, H., Tan, X., Liu, Y., & Zhang, D. (2023). Residue behavior and processing factors of thirteen field-applied pesticides during the production of Chinese traditional fermented chopped pepper and chili powder. Food Chemistry: X, 19, Article 100854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100854
Liu, X., Liu, Z., Bian, L., Ping, Y., Li, S., Zhang, J., Wang, J., Van Schepdael, A., & Wang, X. (2022). Determination of pesticide residues in chilli and Sichuan pepper by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 387, Article 132915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132915
Noor Hasnan, N. Z., Basha, R. K., Amin, N. A. M., Ramli, S. H. M., Tang, J. Y. H., & Aziz, N. A. (2022). Analysis of the most frequent nonconformance aspects related to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the food industry and their main factors. Food Control, 141, Article 109205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109205
Nuzulla, R. I., Noer, I., Syahfura, S. K., & Hidayat, B. (2025). Management process intervention to improve the performance of MSMEs in the food processing sector (study on CV Cucuruku Ceria). Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 8(1), 186–198. https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v8i1.3961
Olmedo, P., Chen, R., Grau-Perez, M., Nachman, K. E., Gil, F., Rule, A. M., & Navas-Acien, A. (2024). Manufacturing practices as potential sources of cadmium and other relevant metals in processed meat products. Risk and nutritional assessment. Food Control, 158, Article 110225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.110225
Panghal, A., Chhikara, N., Sindhu, N., & Jaglan, S. (2018). Role of food safety management systems in safe food production: A review. Journal of Food Safety, 38(4), Article e12464. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12464
Park, M., Kim, S.-H., Bae, S., & Im, M.-H. (2024). Monitoring of pesticide residues in chili peppers using international pesticide monitoring data for safety management. Toxics, 12(7), Article 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12070508
Purwantiningrum, I., Widyhastuty, W., Christian, J., & Sari, N. (2018). Assessment of good manufacturing practice for small scale food industry in Malang region, East Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 131(1), Article 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/131/1/012028
Rabeey, M. A., Sabala, R. F., Zakaria, A. I., & Sallam, K. I. (2025). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in imported frozen bovine meat and organs marketed in Sohag, Egypt. Scientific Reports, 15, Article 43828. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29927-x
Raeeszadeh, M., Gravandi, H., & Akbari, A. (2022). Determination of some heavy metals levels in the meat of animal species (sheep, beef, turkey, and ostrich) and carcinogenic health risk assessment in Kurdistan Province in the west of Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(41), 62248–62258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19589-x
Song, L., Han, Y., Yang, J., Qin, Y., Zeng, W., Xu, S., & Pan, C. (2019). Rapid single-step cleanup method for analyzing 47 pesticide residues in pepper, chili peppers and its sauce product by high performance liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 279, 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.017
Article Sidebar
Page Numbers:
2964-2980
Digital Object ID:
Viewed: 0 times
Downloaded: 0 times
LYAS Publisher cordially invites qualified professionals to serve as Editors or Reviewers. Your expertise will make an important contribution to maintaining and strengthening the academic quality of our publications. Interested applicants are kindly requested to complete the application form at the following link: Editors & Reviewers
Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information about the submission process or if you have any additional questions.
Authors:
Copyright :Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
Explore Our Journals
Find the journal that best fits your research. If this journal does not match your manuscript’s scope, explore our portfolio below to select a more suitable publication venue.