Neuroprotective Effects of Cloves on Albino Rats Induced with Mercury

Crossmark

Article Sidebar

Page Numbers: 1-12
Download PDF
Published: Nov 11, 2025
Digital Object Identifier: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.7893
Save this to:
Save to Mendeley Download RIS

Article Metrics:
Viewed: 160 times
Downloaded: 121 times
Article can trace at:

Author Fee:
Free Publication Fees for Foreign Researchers (USD 0.00)
Check for article on SINTA:

LYAS Publisher cordially invites qualified professionals to serve as Editors or Reviewers. Your expertise will make an important contribution to maintaining and strengthening the academic quality of our publications. Interested applicants are kindly requested to complete the application form at the following link: Editors & Reviewers

Connected Papers:
Connected Papers


Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information about the submission process or if you have any additional questions.


Authors:
Isaac John Umaru1, Mosugu O. O2, Solomon Ossom Asare3, Bakari Genevieve Sirina4, Shelter Agbeko Bobie5, Atsu Ayi6
Copyright :

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.

Explore Our Journals
Find the journal that best fits your research. If this journal does not match your manuscript’s scope, explore our portfolio below to select a more suitable publication venue.

Main Article Content

Isaac John Umaru
Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
Mosugu O. O
Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
Solomon Ossom Asare
Accra School of Hygiene, Korle Bu, Ghana
Bakari Genevieve Sirina
University of PortHartcourt, ACE-PUTOR, Nigeria
Shelter Agbeko Bobie
Ensign Global University, Ghana
Atsu Ayi
Ensign Global University, Ghana

Abstract

This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum, CV) in albino rats exposed to mercury chloride (MC), utilizing a diabetic rat model to investigate both neurological and immunological responses. Clove is known for its potent antioxidant properties, with applications spanning the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and agricultural sectors. Mercury chloride, a recognized neurotoxin, is commonly ingested through carbohydrate-rich foods subjected to high-temperature processing. The experimental design included five groups: Group I (Control: corn flour diet), Group II (MC-treated: 20 mg/kg body weight), Group III (CV-treated: 200 mg/kg BW), Group IV (CV 100 mg/kg BW + MC 20 mg/kg BW), and Group V (CV 200 mg/kg BW + ascorbic acid 20 mg/kg BW), with treatments administered over 21 days. MC exposure induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in brain tissue, evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological degeneration in the hippocampal MA3 region and granular layer (HL). Clove administration significantly mitigated these effects by increasing glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, reducing MDA concentrations, lowering gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and elevating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, thereby restoring biochemical parameters toward normal levels. Histological findings further confirmed the protective effect of clove against MC-induced neuronal damage. These results suggest that clove confers neuroprotection through its antioxidative and neurochemical modulation properties, highlighting its potential therapeutic value in preventing heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity.

Keywords:
Share Article:

Citation Metrics:

Scopus

Citation Metrics & Similar Scopus Articles

Data source Crossref
0
citations
Citation counts are source-specific and may differ because database coverage, reference matching, and update schedules are different. Counts are not added together. Crossref values represent citation links registered and matched by Crossref.
Check Secondary Documents in Scopus
Open this article in Scopus, then check the Secondary documents tab. Use Manual Citation Fallback only for counts you have verified manually.
Open in Scopus
Similar Scopus Articles
Scopus
  1. Berenjian K. (2027)
    Impact of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) on CYP2D6 Activity and the Restorative Effects of Melatonin and Vitamin C Supplementation
    Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 26(1)
  2. Urazkeldiyeva D.A. (2027)
    Development of technology for obtaining high-purity sodium chloride with induced impurity removal and process modeling
    Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra, 342(3), 56-64
  3. Begzhanova G.B. (2027)
    Study of the suitability of industrial raw material resources as additives for Portland cement
    Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra, 341(2), 71-82

Article Details

How to Cite
Umaru, I. J., O, M. O., Asare, S. O., Sirina, B. G., Bobie, S. A., & Ayi, A. (2025). Neuroprotective Effects of Cloves on Albino Rats Induced with Mercury. African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research, 3(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.7893

References

1. Chamoli, A., & Karn, S. K. (2024). The effects of mercury exposure on neurological and cognitive dysfunction in humans: A review. In Mercury toxicity mitigation: Sustainable nexus approach (pp. 117–135). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48817-7_5
2. Naik, S. R., & Gamare, D. (2023). Toxicity of mercury and its compounds: Impacts on human and animal health, ecosystems, mechanisms, and bioremediation strategies – A systematic review. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences, 4(11). https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres2116.pdf
3. Teixeira, F. B., de Oliveira, D. C., Nascimento, G. M., da Silva, M. C. F., Ferreira, J. R. O., & de Oliveira, E. A. (2018). Exposure to inorganic mercury causes oxidative stress, cell death, and functional deficits in the motor cortex. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 11, Article 125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00125
4. Aziz, A. H. A., Rizkiyah, D. N., Qomariyah, L., Irianto, I., Che Yunus, M. A., & Putra, N. R. (2023). Unlocking the full potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) spice: An overview of extraction techniques, bioactivity, and future opportunities in the food and beverage industry. Processes, 11(8), 2453. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082453
5. Bouddine, T., El Menyiy, N., El-Mernissi, Y., El-Akhal, J., Amhamdi, H., & Zouhri, A. (2022). Syzygium aromaticum: Traditional uses, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and photo-protective properties. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366226709
6. Ozuah, A. C. (2023). A study of the phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum). International Journal of Novel Research in Science, Technology and Engineering, 8(1). https://publications.oasisinternationaljournal.org/index.php/ijnrste/article/view/84
7. Rahangadale S, Jangir BL, Patil M, et al., 2012. Evaluation of protective effect of vitamin e on acrylamide induced testicular toxicity in wister rats. Toxicol Int 19:158-61.
8. El-Hadary AE and Ramadan Hassanien MF, 2016. Hepatoprotective effect
of cold-pressed Syzygium aromaticum oil against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharm Biol 54:1364-72.
9. Rahman, H., & Eswaraiah, M. C. (2012). Simple spectroscopic methods for estimating brain neurotransmitters and antioxidant enzymes in laboratory animals: A review. PharmaTutor. https://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/simple-spectroscopic-method-estimating-brain-neurotransmitter-antioxidnat-enzymes-lab-animals
10. Olive PL and Banath JP, 2006. The comet assay: a method to measure DNA damage in individual cells. Nat Protoc 1:23-9.
11. Martins, M. C. C., Oliveira, A. S. S. S., da Silva, L. A., Primo, M. G. S., & Lira, V. B. C. (2022). Biological indicators of oxidative stress [Malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase] and their application in nutrition. In Biomarkers in Nutrition (pp. 833–856). Springer. https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-031-07389-2_49
12. XL Biotec. (2025, May 8). Understanding redox biomarkers: SOD1, GSH-Px, MDA, and TAC. XL Biotec Blog. https://www.xlbiotec.com/redox-biomarkers-sod1-gshpx-mda-tac/blog/title
13. Badgujar, S. B., et al. (2015). Neurotoxic effects of acrylamide in laboratory animals: A review. Toxicology Letters, 233(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.002
14. Esmaeelpanah, E., et al. (2018). Monochloropropanediol-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 32(6), e22192. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22192
15. Gill, K. K., & Dumka, V. K. (2016). Role of antioxidants in mitigating acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity. Veterinary World, 9(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.141-146
16. Jayakumar, R., & Kanthimathi, M. S. (2012). Clove protects against DNA damage and mutagenesis induced by acrylamide. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(3–4), 990–996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.041
17. Klaunig, J. E. (2008). Acrylamide-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity: Mechanistic insights. Toxicologic Pathology, 36(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623307313016
18. Ogata, M., et al. (2000). Eugenol suppresses NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. Neuroscience Letters, 292(1), 29–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01343-0
19. Samarghandian, S., Azimi-Nezhad, M., Borji, A., Samini, M., & Farkhondeh, T. (2017). Protective effects of carnosol against oxidative stress-induced brain damage by chronic stress in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17, 249. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1753-9
20. Sharma, V., et al. (2011). Antigenotoxic effects of clove oil and eugenol against acrylamide-induced genotoxicity. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 723(2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.04.005
21. Uthra, C., et al. (2017). Neurotoxicity of acrylamide: Mechanisms and protective strategies. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 9(3), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2017.0381
22. Alturfan, A. A., et al. (2012). Glycidamide-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in rat brain. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(3–4), 1042–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.048