Perbanyakan Tanaman Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) dengan Teknik Kultur Jaringan Secara In Vitro di UPTD Balai Sertifikasi dan Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan (BSPTH) Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Sumatera Barat Propagation of Macadamia Plants (Macadamia integrifolia) Using Tissue Culture Techniques in Vitro at UPTD Balai Sertifikasi dan Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan (BSPTH) Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Sumatera Barat
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3449-3460
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10.58578/tsaqofah.v6i4.10613
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Authors:Desi Dewantari1*, Violita Violita2, Mika Lestaria3
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Abstract
The macadamia plant (Macadamia integrifolia) is a high-quality nut-producing commodity with significant economic value; however, conventional propagation still faces limitations in producing superior seedlings in large quantities that are uniform and sustainable. This internship activity aimed to study the procedures for in vitro macadamia tissue culture, from the preparation of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, sterilization of explants, tools, and materials, incubation, to subculture. The activity was carried out at the UPTD Balai Sertifikasi dan Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan (BSPTH) Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Sumatera Barat from January 5 to February 15, 2026. The explants used were young shoots of macadamia plants grown on MS medium supplemented with the plant growth regulator BAP. A total of 81 explants were observed during the culture process. The observations showed that 34 explants (41.98%) grew successfully without contamination, whereas 47 explants (58.02%) experienced fungal and bacterial contamination as well as browning. The high level of contamination was presumed to be related to the presence of endophytic contaminants, the suboptimal sterilization protocol, and the condition of explants originating from open field conditions. Browning can be managed through the addition of antioxidants, such as PVP, activated charcoal, and ascorbic acid, to the medium. This activity confirms that tissue culture has the potential to become an alternative method for macadamia propagation, but its success is highly dependent on the optimization of explant sterilization and the control of tissue browning. The implications of this activity point to the need for implementing staged sterilization and conditioning mother plants in a greenhouse to improve the success of macadamia micropropagation in subsequent studies.
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