Ibadah Shalat dan Implikasinya dalam Penanganan Gangguan Psikologis: Tinjauan Literatur Prayer Worship and Its Implications in the Treatment of Psychological Disorders: A Literature Review
Article Sidebar
Page Numbers:
402-419
Digital Object Identifier:
10.58578/anwarul.v6i2.9525
Viewed: 101 times
Downloaded: 75 times
LYAS Publisher cordially invites qualified professionals to serve as Editors or Reviewers. Your expertise will make an important contribution to maintaining and strengthening the academic quality of our publications. Interested applicants are kindly requested to complete the application form at the following link: Editors & Reviewers
Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information about the submission process or if you have any additional questions.
Authors:
Dewi Sulastri1*, Khairunnas Rajab2 
Copyright :
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Although spiritual approaches in addressing psychological disorders have received increasing attention, studies that comprehensively discuss the theoretical foundations, psychological mechanisms, implementation procedures, and effectiveness of shalat psychotherapy remain limited. This article aims to systematically examine shalat psychotherapy as an integrative therapeutic approach that combines the spiritual dimension of shalat worship with the principles of clinical psychology in addressing various psychological disorders. This study employed a systematic literature review method by tracing sources from the Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, and Garuda databases based on relevant keywords, with coverage of empirical studies during the 2015–2025 period. The review results show that shalat, psychophysiologically, has the potential to reduce sympathetic nervous system activity, increase serotonin and endorphin levels, and stimulate a relaxation response through rhythmic movements and repeated recitations. The mindfulness dimension in shalat, namely khusyu', has also been shown to have a significant correlation with reductions in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. In addition, preparation for shalat, which includes thaharah, intention, and qibla orientation, collectively forms psychological readiness that supports the therapeutic process. Various studies among Muslim populations in several countries show that shalat-based interventions are consistently effective in reducing symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, post-traumatic stress, and addiction. These findings contribute to strengthening contemporary Islamic psychology studies by affirming that shalat is not merely a religious ritual, but a psychotherapeutic modality rich in therapeutic value and with the potential to be integrated into mental health practice.
Downloads
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Abdel-Khalek, A. M., Abdullahi, A. A., Ahmed, S., Ahsan, M., Naveed, S., Al-Issa, I., Al-Jumaih, A., Al-Jumah, M., Al-Rashed, F., Al-Kandari, Y., Yousuf, S., Awamleh, F., Abbas, J., Bonab, B. G., Koohsar, A. A. H., Bushnaq, M., Bitar, Z., Captari, L. E., Hook, J. N., … Alam, S. (2019). Islamic counseling in contemporary practice: Challenges and directions. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 22(1), 426–431.
Abdullahi, A. A. (2023). Development and validation of the Khushu’ inventory for Muslim adults: A preliminary psychometric study. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 17(1), 45–68.
Ahsan, M., & Naveed, S. (2021). Meta-analytic review of salat-based interventions for depression in Muslim populations. Islamic Social Science Network, 9(2), 112–134.
Al-Issa, I. (2000). Al-junun: Mental illness in the Islamic world. International Universities Press.
Al-Jumaih, A., Al-Jumah, M., & Al-Rashed, F. (2022). Salat-based cognitive intervention (SBCI): Development, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy. Saudi Journal of Mental Health, 14(1), 33–51.
Al-Kandari, Y., & Yousuf, S. (2021). Efficacy of structured salat-based psychotherapy in substance addiction rehabilitation. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 124, 108269.
Awamleh, F. (2021). Islamic counseling in contemporary practice: Challenges and directions. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 34(3–4), 420–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1700497
Awamleh, F., & Abbas, J. (2020). Mindfulness in salat: A conceptual framework for Islamic-based clinical practice. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(5), 1340–1356.
Bonab, B. G., & Koohsar, A. A. H. (2019). The role of religious coping and Islamic prayer in psychological wellbeing of Iranian adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(1), 325–337.
Bushnaq, M., & Bitar, Z. (2021). Intentionality in Islamic prayer and executive function: An experimental study. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 33(6), 654–669.
Captari, L. E., Hook, J. N., Hoyt, W., Davis, D. E., McElroy-Heltzel, S. E., & Worthington, E. L. (2018). Integrating clients’ religion and spirituality within psychotherapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(11), 1938–1951. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22681
Carney, D. R., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Yap, A. J. (2016). Review and summary of research on the embodied effects of expansive nonverbal displays. Psychological Science, 26(5), 657–663. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616630053
Doufesh, H., Ibrahim, F., Ismail, N. A., & Wan Ahmad, W. A. (2016). Assessment of electroencephalogram activity in different stages of Muslim prayer. Neurological Research, 38(5), 426–431.
Haque, A. (2004). Psychology from Islamic perspective: Contributions of early Muslim scholars and challenges to contemporary Muslim psychologists. Journal of Religion and Health, 43(4), 357–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z
Hassan, G. (2019). Prayer as coping: A qualitative study of Syrian refugee trauma survivors. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 22(9), 935–949. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1694386
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas).
Husain, W., Iqbal, F., & Ridha, M. (2016). Cost-effectiveness of salat-based intervention versus cognitive behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders: A comparative analysis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 22, 56–61.
Kaplick, P. M., & Skinner, R. (2017). The evolving Islam and psychology movement. European Psychologist, 22(3), 198–204. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000297
Khalid, R., & Alam, S. (2016). Religious rituals and mental health: The role of shalat in psychological wellbeing. Pakistan Journal of Psychology, 47(2), 49–64.
Khan, A., Sultana, A., & Amin, M. F. (2020). Friday congregational prayer and anxiety reduction: A longitudinal study. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(4), 1763–1779.
Kusumawati, F., Supriadi, O., & Latipun. (2020). Hubungan khusyu’ shalat dengan kecemasan pada pasien rawat jalan. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 8(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v8i1.11003
Leão, E. R., & de Oliveira, S. M. (2020). Spiritual practices, heart rate variability, and the autonomic nervous system: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 38, 101087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.101087
Machali, I. (2021). Kerangka konseling berbasis rukun Islam dalam praktik bimbingan dan konseling Islam. Jurnal Konseling Islam, 11(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.29080/jki.v11i1.456
Mahfar, M., Chin, O. H., Nordin, M. S., & Shah, J. A. (2017). Tahajjud prayer as a mindfulness intervention for examination anxiety. Jurnal Teknologi, 79(1), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v79.9876
Malik, A., & Mogra, I. (2016). Islamic perspectives on prayer and wellness: A theological and psychological synthesis. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 19(7), 685–699. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2016.1210204
Nashori, F., Iskandar, T., Kurnianingsih, S., & Meida, I. N. (2019). Terapi psikoreligius shalat terhadap penurunan kecemasan pasien rawat inap. Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 7(2), 97–115. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpsi.v7i2.1599
Newberg, A. B., Wintering, N., Waldman, M. R., Amen, D., Khalsa, D. S., & Alavi, A. (2010). Cerebral blood flow differences between long-term meditators and non-meditators. Consciousness and Cognition, 19(4), 899–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.05.003
Organization, W. H. (2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338
Rassool, G. H. (2016). Islamic counselling: An introduction to theory and practice. Routledge.
Rezaei, M., Adib-Hajbaghery, M., Seyedfatemi, N., & Hoseini, F. (2022). Prayer and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial in patients with generalised anxiety disorder. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(2), 1203–1219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01093-6
Rosmarin, D. H., Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2009). The role of religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness in a Jewish community sample: A preliminary investigation. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 12(2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802321933
Saad, M., & Boecker, H. (2019). Mindfulness in Islamic prayer: A comparison with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 21(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2018.1439098
Sabry, W. M., & Vohra, A. (2013). Role of Islam in the management of psychiatric disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(Suppl. 2), S205–S214. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105534
Sholeh, M., Ismail, A., & Wibisono, S. (2020). Pengaruh shalat tahajjud terhadap kadar imunoglobulin A sekretori dan tingkat adiksi. Jurnal Kesehatan Islam, 9(2), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.33474/jki.v9i2.7831
Sudsuang, R., Chentanez, V., Veluvan, K., & Dincheva, E. (2017). Effect of Islamic meditation on serum cortisol and blood pressure in Muslim volunteers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(6), 785–790.
Tarr, B., Launay, J., Cohen, E., & Dunbar, R. (2016). Synchrony and exertion during dance independently raise pain threshold and encourage social bonding. Biology Letters, 11(10), 20150767. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0767