Islamic Banking in Indonesia: An Analysis of Regulation, Operations, and Contemporary Issues from the Perspective of Sharia and Economic Transformation
Main Article Content
Abstract
Islamic banking in Indonesia has undergone significant growth since the establishment of Bank Muamalat in 1991. This study examines the regulatory framework, operational principles, and the challenges and opportunities facing Islamic banking in addressing contemporary financial issues. Utilizing a descriptive-qualitative approach through a literature study, the research identifies Law No. 21 of 2008 and fatwas issued by the National Sharia Council–Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) as the primary legal and ethical foundations for Islamic banking operations. Key contract mechanisms such as muḍārabah, mushārakah, and murābaḥah serve as Sharia-compliant alternatives to conventional interest-based systems. Despite this progress, Islamic banking faces several challenges, including low levels of Sharia literacy among the public, limited digital innovation, and intense competition with conventional banks. However, significant opportunities exist through partnerships with Islamic fintech, integration of Islamic social finance instruments (ZISWAF), and the promotion of sustainable finance initiatives aligned with the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The study underscores the need to strengthen regulatory frameworks and embrace technological advancements to build an inclusive, competitive, and future-ready Islamic banking system in Indonesia.

Citation Metrics:
Downloads
Article Details

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Abdul, A. R., Mandiri, D. P., Astuti, W., & Arkoyah, S. (2022). Tantangan Perkembangan Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Tabarru’ : Islamic Banking and Finance, 5(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25299/jtb.2022.vol5(2).9505
Abdussamad. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Syakir Media Press.
Aliza, P. N., & Putri, J. (2025). Strategi Adaptasi Perbankan Syariah Di Era Digital. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56184/jeijournal.v3i1.500
Anjum, M. I. (2022). An Islamic Critique of Rival Economic Systems’ Theories of Interest. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-08-2021-0155
Arief, A. R., Fitriyah, L., Syafii, & Fauziah, D. A. (2024). Application of Islamic Accounting Profit-Sharing System in Mudharabah Savings Program Based on Fairness. International Journal of Trends in Accounting Research, 5(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54951/ijtar.v5i2.790
Aryanti, F. P., Nurhalizah, F., & Jannah, H. (2022). Pengaruh Kontribusi Pembiayaan Mikro Modal Kerja di dalam Lembaga Keuangan Perbankan Syariah terhadap Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Palembang (Studi Kasus Bank Syariah Indonesia KC Demang). Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 6(2). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v6i2.566
Catherine, C., Mirabelle, E., Gandi, G., Novita, Manalu, T. L. S., & Ervina, V. (2023). Perbandingan Instrumen Pembiayaan Bank Mega Syariah: Mudharabah, Musyarakah, Ijarah, Istisna, dan Murabahah. Inisiatif: Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30640/inisiatif.v3i1.2026
Darmalaksana, W., Aziz, W. D. I., & Mahmud. (2022). Literature Review Riset Literasi Perbankan Syariah Indonesia. The 2nd Conference on Ushuluddin Studies. https://conferences.uinsgd.ac.id/gdcs
Deni, A., Syafruddin, Bastomi, R. D., Juminawati, S., Muafiqi, H., Akbar, Jubaidi, Puspitasari, N., & Syahrial, M. (2024). Manajemen Keuangan Syariah. CV Rei Media Grafika.
Ekonomi, D. B. (Ed.). (2018). Masterplan Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia 2019-2024. PT Zahir Syariah Indonesia.
Haryanti, P., Miftah, Z., Budiman, Imana, A. N., Hasan, Z., Makki, M., Maulidizen, A., Niam, K., Asari, M. H. K., Riyaldi, M. H., Toyyibi, A. M., Agusti, N., Sirojudin, H. A., Tsabit, A. M., & Chakim., M. H. R. (2024). Sistem Perbankan Syariah. In Ekonomi Pembangunan Islam. DSI Press.
Imama, L. S. (2014). Konsep dan Implementasi Murabahah pada Produk Pembiayaan Bank Syariah. Iqtishadia: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 1(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19105/iqtishadia.v1i2.482
Komite Nasional Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah (KNEKS). (2021). Laporan Tahunan Ekonomi Syariah 2021.
Latifah, L., & Ritonga, I. (2020). Systematic Literature Review (SLR): Kompetensi Sumber Daya Insani Bagi Perkembangan Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia. Al Maal: Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking, 2(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/almaal.v2i1.2763
Maku, Y. A. D. (2017). Penerapan Prinsip-prinsip tentang Perbankan Syariah Hubungannya dengan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Lex Crimen, 6(1). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexcrimen/article/view/15084
Masrina, M., & Lestari, D. (2025). Integrasi Fitur Ziswaf dalam Digital Banking Bank Syariah: Peluang dan Tantangan (Studi Kasus pada Bank Syariah Indonesia). Indonesian Scientific Journal of Islamic Finance, 3(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21093/inasjif.v3i2.11207
Miftahudin, H. (2021). OJK Beberkan Tantangan Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah. Https://Www.Medcom.Id/. https://www.medcom.id/ekonomi/keuangan/ZkeYOB5k-ojk-beberkan-tantangan-pengembangan-perbankan-syariah
Munthe, S. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Nasabah Menabung pada Tabungan Mudharabah di Bank Muamalat Cabang Balai Kota. UIN Sumatera Utara.
Nilamsari, N. (2014). Memahami Studi Dokumen Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif. Jurnal Wacana, 13(2), hlm 178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32509/wacana.v13i2.143
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). (2024). Statistik Perbankan Syariah Februari 2024. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). https://www.ojk.go.id
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). (2025). Peraturan OJK No. 31/POJK.05/2014 tentang Tata Kelola Lembaga Jasa Keuangan Syariah. https://www.ojk.go.id
Qurratu’ain, I. (2019). Presiden Luncurkan Masterplan Ekonomi Syariah Pertama di Indonesia. KNEKS. https://kneks.go.id/berita/36/presiden-luncurkan-masterplan-ekonomi-syariah
Rohman, H. F. (2025). Tantangan Bank Syariah. Https://News.Uad.Ac.Id/. https://news.uad.ac.id/tantangan-bank-syariah/
Rukin. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Yayasan Ahmar Cendekia Indonesia.
Safira, S., Agustina, A., Hidayanti, N. F., Ariani, Z., Dewi, N. Y. S., & Nur’aini, N. (2024). Analisis Dampak Perkembangan Perbankan Syariah Terhadap Stabilitas Keuangan di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Paedagoria.
Salsabila, T. S., & Amri, A. (2025). Peran Literasi Keuangan dan Literasi Keuangan Digital terhadap Inklusi Keuangan: Studi pada Nasabah Bank Syariah di Kota Tangerang dengan Media Sosial sebagai Moderator. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 8(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v8i1.1940
Sharia Knowledge Centre. (2024). Fatwa Lembaga Keuangan Syariah DSN MUI tentang Mudharabah: Landasan Hukum bagi Kerja Sama Usaha dalam Islam. Sharia Knowledge Centre. Sharia Knowledge Centre
Syarif, D., Wahyu, W. D., Syukawati, Mailindr, W., & Sarmigi, E. (2024). Literature Review Riset peran Maqasyid Syariah di Perbankan Syariah Indonesia. Ekobis Syariah, 8(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22373/ekobis.v8i1.20568
Tlemsani, I., Zaman, A., Hashim, M. A. M., & Matthews, R. (2025). Digitalization and Sustainable Development Goals in Emerging Islamic Economies. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 16(5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-03-2023-0092
Wati, R., & Fitri, A. O. (2025). Peran CSR dalam Mendorong Implementasi Green Banking yang Berkelanjutan di Perbankan Syariah Indonesia. Inflasi : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Perbankan, 2(1). https://ejurnal.faaslibsmedia.com/index.php/inflasi/article/view/90
Widjaya, M. A., & Fasa, M. I. (2024). Strategi Peningkatan Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan Syariah dalam Mendukung Transisi ke Ekonomi Hijau. Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 1(5). https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jicn/article/view/1285














