Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Mohammad Natsir: Landasan Filosofis dan Implikasinya bagi Pendidikan Indonesia Islamic Educational Thought of Mohammad Natsir: Philosophical Foundations and Their Implications for Indonesian Education
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1040-1062
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Dec 20, 2025
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10.58578/tsaqofah.v6i1.8444
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Authors:Hizbullah Muzahid1, Zidan Arif Muzhaffar2, Hartadi Hartadi3, Mulyanto Abdul Khoir4
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Abstract
This study is grounded in the gap between the ideal of Islamic education and the reality of Indonesia’s national education system, which remains dichotomous between religious and general sciences, resulting in suboptimal integration of Islamic values into national education. The study aimed to analyze the philosophical foundations of Mohammad Natsir’s thought on Islamic education, particularly the concept of tauhid, the integration of iman (faith) and knowledge, and their implications for strengthening the orientation of national education. The method employed was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by analyzing relevant primary and secondary literature, including books, journal articles, and scholarly works on the philosophy of Islamic education, Natsir’s thought, and national education policy. The findings indicate that Natsir’s educational thought has strong relevance for reconstructing a national education system that is religious, humanistic, and rooted in Indonesian identity through the integration of iman, knowledge, and amal (action) as the philosophical foundation of education. The study concludes that an Islamic education paradigm based on tauhid and the integration of iman–ilmu–amal can serve as a strategic reference for strengthening a holistic orientation of national education and offers conceptual implications for the development of educational policies and practices that avoid the dichotomy between religious and general sciences.
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Philosophy of Islamic Education; Mohammad Natsir’s Thought; National Education; Integration of Faith and Knowledge; Tauhid in Education
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Muzahid, H., Muzhaffar, Z. A., Hartadi, H., & Khoir, M. A. (2025). Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Mohammad Natsir: Landasan Filosofis dan Implikasinya bagi Pendidikan Indonesia. TSAQOFAH, 6(1), 1040-1062. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v6i1.8444
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
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Arifin, I., & Nurhayati, D. (2023). The use of systematic literature review (SLR) in philosophical and educational research: Enhancing conceptual synthesis and rigor. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 13(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.21831/jppfa.v13i1.50329
Fahri, M., & Zain, A. (2021). The concept of tauhid-based Islamic education in shaping students’ character and national identity in Indonesia. Ta’dib: Journal of Islamic Education, 12(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.19109/tjie.v12i1.7685
Fauzan, M., & Rahmawati, S. (2022). Bridging moral and intellectual development in Indonesia’s national education system: A philosophical analysis of character formation. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 23(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpp.v23i1.50719
Fauzi, A., & Hidayat, R. (2021). Bridging the dichotomy of Islamic and secular education in Indonesia: Towards an integrative paradigm of knowledge. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v9i2.10321
Hafid, S., & Maulana, R. (2023). Reorienting Indonesian Islamic educational thought: Integrating spiritual values into modern educational policies. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v10i2.267-283
Hamzah, M., & Firdaus, R. (2022). Tauhidic education as an integrative paradigm in modern Islamic education: Bridging spirituality and rationality. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(2), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v10i2.12641
Hidayah, N., & Karim, A. (2022). Integrative Islamic education paradigm in modern schools: Balancing cognitive, affective, and spiritual dimensions. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(1), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v10i1.12043
Hidayat, R., & Karim, M. (2022). Contextualizing classical and modern educational theories in Islamic educational thought: A multidimensional approach. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 9(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v9i2.145-160
Hidayaturrahman, M., Sudarman, S., Husamah, H., & Kusumawati, I. R. (2021). Integrating science and religion at Malaysian and Indonesian higher education. Al-Ta’lim Journal, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.15548/JT.V28I1.658
Husna, L., & Rahman, F. (2023). Integrating faith, knowledge, and morality in Islamic educational philosophy: Towards holistic human development. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(2), 188–204. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v10i2.188-204
Ismail, M., & Nuryana, A. (2022). The theological, epistemological, and axiological dimensions in Islamic educational philosophy: Reconstructing integrative thought in modern education. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 9(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v9i1.25-40
Ismail, N., & Wahyuni, S. (2021). The epistemological foundations of Islamic education philosophy: Integrating revelation and reason in knowledge construction. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v9i1.11758
Kamal, M., & Hidayat, A. (2021). The integration of faith and science in Mohammad Natsir’s Islamic educational thought: A philosophical perspective. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v9i2.11357
Kasim, N., & Widodo, A. (2023). Applying content analysis in Islamic educational research: Linking philosophical ideas with modern policy contexts. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(2), 211–227. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v10i2.211-227
Khotimah, H., & Huda, M. (2022). Reconstruction of Islamic education based on the integration of knowledge and morality in Indonesia. Ta’dibuna: Journal of Islamic Education, 9(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.18326/tjpi.v9i1.55-70
Lubis, R., & Arifin, I. (2023). Reinterpreting Mohammad Natsir’s educational philosophy: Integrating Islamic values in Indonesia’s national education. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(2), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v10i2.175-192
Mahfud, A., & Rosadi, A. (2022). The role of adab and tauhid in shaping Islamic education philosophy: Implications for modern curriculum development. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v10i1.11990
Marzuki, M., & Fadhli, M. (2023). Integrating faith, knowledge, and character in Islamic education reform: A philosophical approach in Indonesia. Intellectual Discourse, 18(2), 233–248. https://doi.org/10.18860/INTELLECTUAL.V18I2.17439
Mulyono, H., & Setiawan, A. (2023). Revisiting local Islamic scholars’ thought as a philosophical foundation for curriculum reform in Indonesia. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v10i1.99-114
Nasir, M., Mulyono, Y., & Nastiti, L. R. (2020). Reconstructing distinction pattern of science education curriculum in Indonesian Islamic universities: An integrated paradigm for science and religion. Turkish Journal of Science Education, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.36681/TUSED.2020.10
Nugroho, A., & Latifah, N. (2021). Integrating Western and Islamic philosophical theories in education: Toward a dialogical epistemology of learning. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 120–135. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v9i2.10432
Nurdin, A., & Karim, M. (2021). Islamic education as social transformation: Reinterpreting classical thought in the modern context of Indonesian society. Tadrib: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(2), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.19105/tjpi.v8i2.10942
Nurhayati, S., & Hasanah, N. (2021). Integration of religious and civic values in the national education curriculum: A study on strengthening national character through Pancasila education. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Edukasi, 6(2), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.23917/jbe.v6i2.14158
Puspitasari, F. F. (2020). The integration-interconnection discourse of Islamic education and science in Indonesia. Tarbawi, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.36781/TARBAWI.V8I2.3090
Rahardjo, B., & Yusuf, A. (2022). Philosophical synthesis in Islamic education: Connecting theological ideals with modern educational systems. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(2), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v10i2.12714
Rahman, F., & Yusuf, M. (2023). The application of systematic literature review in educational philosophy research: Ensuring transparency and validity in qualitative synthesis. Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 22(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.17509/edukasi.v22i2.51267
Rahmawati, S. (2023). Axiological perspective of Islamic education: Moral values and humanistic principles in teacher praxis. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2023.11.2.45-60
Rahmawati, S., & Arsyad, M. (2023). Reforming Indonesia’s national education through spiritual-based curriculum: Building ethical and moral character in the 21st century. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(2), 284–300. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v10i2.284-300
Rasyid, M., & Maulana, I. (2023). Reinterpreting Islamic educational philosophy in the modern context: Balancing spirituality and rationality in Indonesian education. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(2), 250–266. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v10i2.250-266
Rohim, M., & Fadli, R. (2023). Moral and spiritual reinforcement in the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum in Indonesia. Tadris: Journal of Education and Teacher Training, 8(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v8i1.16745
Rohimah, D., & Fitria, R. (2022). Tauhid-based Islamic education paradigm as a philosophical foundation for Indonesia’s national education reform. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v10i2.12541
Rohman, F., & Amin, A. (2022). Integration of Islamic and general education: Reinterpreting Mohammad Natsir’s educational thought in the context of modern Indonesia. Tarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Education, 9(2), 150–166. https://doi.org/10.18326/tarbiyah.v9i2.150-166
Rosyidin, M., & Arifin, I. (2021). Integration of Islamic and Indonesian education in the perspective of KH. Salahuddin Wahid. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2021.182-02
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