Role of Electric Field Parameter on Blood Flow for Time-Dependent Heat and Mass Transfer Passing through a Diverging Artery

Abstract

Time-dependent blood flow through diverging arterial segments involves complex interactions among hemodynamic, thermal, and mass-transfer processes under external forces. This study develops a mathematical model and numerical simulation of transient blood flow coupled with heat and mass transfer in a diverging artery, with particular emphasis on the effects of electric fields, velocity slip, and body acceleration. Blood is modeled as an electrically conducting fluid subjected to an external electromagnetic field. The governing partial differential equations for momentum, energy, and concentration are solved using an implicit finite-difference scheme implemented in MATLAB. The electric-field parameter is examined in relation to electro-osmotic and Lorentz forces that regulate flow velocity and temperature distributions. A velocity-slip boundary condition is incorporated to represent nonzero fluid velocity at the arterial wall and its effects on the shear rate and near-wall temperature field. Body acceleration is also considered to simulate external vibrations, physiological effects, and inertial forces associated with sudden movement. The numerical results indicate that increasing the electric-field intensity and velocity-slip parameter elevates the velocity profile and volumetric flow rate, thereby enhancing flow regulation. Body acceleration increases both quantities by modifying the pressure gradient while producing pronounced transient oscillations in axial velocity and the skin-friction coefficient. These findings clarify the combined roles of electromagnetic forcing, wall slip, and body acceleration in transient arterial transport and may inform the development of electrohydrodynamic drug-delivery systems and thermal-management strategies for diverging arterial geometries.