Mathematical Modelling of Transmission of Anthrax in Human and Animal Population
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Abstract
Anthrax is a potentially fatal zoonotic infection caused by Bacillus anthracis that affects human and animal populations worldwide. Herbivorous animals serve as natural hosts, while humans acquire infection through contact with infected animals or their products, including the handling or consumption of contaminated meat. This study developed a mathematical model to investigate anthrax transmission dynamics in human and animal populations and identify factors relevant to disease control. The model incorporated epidemiological compartments for both populations and accounted for direct and indirect transmission pathways. Qualitative analysis examined the stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria, complemented by sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of model parameters. Numerical simulations supported the analytical results and illustrated how parameter variation affected transmission dynamics. The findings indicated that reducing contact rates and strengthening decontamination efforts in both populations are important for controlling anthrax transmission. The study concludes that control measures addressing exposure and contamination across human and animal populations can support anthrax management. The model provides an analytical framework for understanding transmission dynamics and informing public health planning and zoonotic disease management.
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