The Lasting Legacy of the Sarakuna: A Narrative Exploration of Their Significant Roles in the Aftermath of the Sokoto Caliphate Jihad and Beyond (2025)
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196-213
Published:
Mar 2, 2025
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10.58578/ajisd.v3i2.5088
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Authors:
Tambari Abbas Bashar1 
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Abstract
This study examines the roles of Sarakuna in the remnants of the Sokoto Caliphate, focusing on their contributions to Da'awah, industry, economic activities, professional services, security, mosques, schools, health, development projects, marital affairs, and Sharia delivery. The study reveals that Sarakuna play pivotal roles in maintaining peace, security, and tranquility in their domains, and their influence extends to various aspects of life, including education, healthcare, and economic development.
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Bashar, T. A. (2025). The Lasting Legacy of the Sarakuna: A Narrative Exploration of Their Significant Roles in the Aftermath of the Sokoto Caliphate Jihad and Beyond (2025). Asian Journal of Islamic Studies and Da’wah, 3(2), 196-213. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajisd.v3i2.5088
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
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Abdulqadir, U.A. (2016). Traditional rulers and security administration in Nigeria: Challenges for the 21st Century. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 21(8), 1-11.
Abubakar, N.(2015). The impact of colonialism on the Sarauta system in Kano emirate 1903-1960. A PhD thesis submitted at AHMADU Bello University Kano
Abubakar, Y. & Yandaki UA.(2022). From commodity to colonial currencies: A history of money in former Sokoto Province of Nigeria during precolonial and colonial periods. African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 59(5), 59.78.
Ahmed, A. & Egwu G.O.(2014). Management Practices And Constraints Of Sheep Farmers In Sokoto State, Northwestern Nigeria. International Journal Of Science, Environment And Technology, 3 (2), 735 – 748.
Alkali, A.U. & Said K.A. (2015). The effect of colonialism on Shariah: The Malacca and Sokoto experiences. Journal Syriah,23(1),167-188.
Aminu, MY. (2018). The role of zakat in poverty alleviation with particular reference to Sokoto Zakat and Endowment (Waqf) Commission. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(9), 113-1141.
Ayama, B.M. (2018). Takaitaccen tarihin Masarautar Gwadabawa. Sokoto: Kalenjeni Printing Press Sokoto.
Ayodele, M.O. (2021). Changes and dynamics: History and evolution of political institutions in Hausaland till 1900. Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied and Basic Subjects, 1(4), 1-11.
Ayuba, T.M. (2017). Social and economic changes in colonial North-central, Nigeria: The history of Akwanga division, 1911-1960. A PhD Thesis submitted at University of London, UK.
Bala, A. A. (2014), The role of Da'awah in Sokoto Caliphate, Northern Nigeria,1774 to present time. A thesis submitted to the College of Graduate Studies in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in Islamic Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.
Bala, A.A. (2018). Da'wah methods applied by Shaykh Uthman bn Foduye for the reformation of Muslims in (Hausaland) Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention,4(7),13-18.
Bello N., & Marafa M.(2016). Further Remarks 0n The Introduction And Challenges Of Western Education In Gwadabawa District From 1924 to 1976. Degel Journal Of Faculty Of Arts And Islamic Studies, Vol. 12:71-80.
Blench, R., Longtan S., Hassan U., Walsh (2006). The role of traditional rulers in conflict prevention and mediation in Nigeria. Interim Report, Prepared by DFID Nigeria.
Bunza, M.U. & Karim, L.A. (2021). An Islamic statecraft in Sub Saharan Africa: A study of the structure and operations of governance in the Sokoto Caliphate, Nigeria (1804-1903). Journal of Islamic Research, 32(1), 118-37.
Bunza, M.U. (2012). Arabic medicinal manuscripts of precolonial northern Nigeria: A descriptive list. Annual Review of Islam in Africa, 11, 92-96.
Chafe, K. S. (1992). The state and economy in Sokoto Caliphate: Policies and practices in the metropolitan districts (180-1903 AD). A PhD thesis submitted at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
Colonial Reports Annual (1905). Northern Nigeria Report for 1902. London.
DecLancey, M.D. (2005). Moving east, facing west. Islam as an intercultural mediator in urban planning in the Sokoto Empire. African Urban Spaces in Historical Perspective, Edited by Steven J. Sulm and Tog in Falola.
Fika, A.M. (1973). The political and economic reorientation of Kano Emirate, Northern Nigeria, 1882-1940. A PhD Thesis submitted at University of London.
Ganiyu, A. A. (2016). Traditional rulers and the promotion of national unity in Nigeria: Emerging trends. Nigerian Journal of Social Studies, xxix (2), 148-160.
Garba, A. (2020). Islamic state in historical perspective: A lesson for politicians. The Beam: Journal of Arts and Science, 13(2), 1-11.
Gatawa, M.U. (2013). Intergroup relations in historical perspectives: A case study of Yoruba and Hausa communities in Agege, Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of History and Culture, 5(9), 171-177.
Gokaru, S.U., & Hamid, A.F. B. A., (2019). The movement of Uthman bin Foduye in the Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria: An examination of the Malaca sultanate in spreading Islam in the Malay world. Tawarikh (International) for Historical Studies, 9(2), 125-136.
Gokaru, S.U., Hamid, A.F. A., Zin, A.B.A.M. (2018). The role of Uthman bin Foduye in establishing center of Islamic learning in Hausaland, Northern Nigeria: a comparative study of Pondok System in Kelantan, Malaysia. Tawarikh (International) for Historical Studies, 9(2), 125-136.
Gwandu, A.A., (1977). Abdullahi b. fodio as a Muslim jurist, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at www.etheses.dur.actuk/8030/
Ibrahim, A.Z. (2017). Sokoto Caliphate scholars and the classical Islamic philosophers: Issues in divine command of ethics. Studies of the Department of African languages and Cultures, 52, 87-119
Kannike, U.M.M. & Ayinla, YO. (2022). Creation of sustenance of an Islamic dynasty in Ilorin Emirate, A reflection of the Ulama political and religious sagacity. Islamic Welfare Foundation 22 Conference on Islam in Nigeria, 11, 53-66.
Kariya, S., Oteri AJ., Taiwo, L., Bawa S., Asolo J., Dieng B., Baptost AEJ., & Onwu N., (2022). Contributions of the northern traditional leaders to the 2017/2018 measles vaccination campaign in the northern states of Nigeria. Annals of Vaccines and Immunization, 6(1), 10-20.
Kuna, M.J. (1998). The Sokoto Caliphate, colonialism, and the formation of identities: The construction of “Northern Nigeria”. Annals of the Social Science Council of Nigeria, 10, 69-109.
Kware, A. (2019). Poverty in the northwestern part of Nigeria 1976-2010 myth or reality. Sociology International Journal, 3(5):384-390.
Ladan, M.T. (n.d.). The development and application of Sharia in Northern Nigeria: Issues and Challenges.
Lemu, B. A. (2005). Islamic studies for senior secondary schools book 2 and 3.
Muhammad, B.A.S. (2003). Land management in the Sokoto Caliphate: Lessons for contemporary Nigeria. DOI:10.36108/ssan/320032.514.0160.
Mukhtar TM. (2015). Colonialism and Mazalim court system in Sokoto province. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(9), 59-63.
Nasidi, NA. (2015). The spread of Islam in Muri, 1817-1953: The role/ contribution of the Emirs. LAPAI Journal of Nigerian History, 12(2), 118-132.
Sani, A., Buba, U. & Mohammed, I. (2019). Wanda Ya tuna Bara…Bida da Tanadi a Tsakanin Hausawa Matasa A Yau. Global Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 44-50.
Sanyinna, A.D.H., Danillela A. Sanyinnawal S.I. (2017). Fasahar Bahaushe ta Fuskar Noma, Sassaka, Jima, Kira, dukanci da Makamantansu. The Beam: Journal of Arts and Sciences, 11 (2017)16., 1-16.
Sarkingobir, Y., & Miya, Y.Y. (2024). Empty Calories in Processed Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Implications. Kashmir Journal of Science, 3(04), 67-88. Retrieved from https://kjs.org.pk/index.php/kjs/article/view/57.
Sarkingobir, Y., Gidadawa, F.A, & Tambari, A.B. (2021b). An assessment of selected traditional leaders from the Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar Atiku family and their domains in Africa. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal, 5(2), 109-123.. DOI:10.47264/idea.lassij/5.2.8.
Sarkingobir, Y., Umar, AI., Gidadawa FA., & Miya, Y.Y. (2023). Assessment of food security, living condition, personal hygiene health determinants and relations among Almajiri students in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Thu Dau Mot Journal of Science, 5(1),63-76. https://doi.org/10.37550/tdmu.EJS/2023.01.372.
Shareef, M. (2005). Zaman ‘n-Nasaara ‘The Hour of the Christians’African Muslim Resistance to European Colonialism. Sankore Institute of Islamic - African Studies International. www.sankore.org/www.siiasi.org.
Sifawa, A.A. (2020). The role of traditional rulers in addressing security challenges: Reflections on native authority system in colonial Sokoto emirate, 1903-1960. Cultural and Religious Studies, 8(9), 510-524.
Ummaru UJ (1999). Daular Atikawa. An unpublished document prepared by Danmasanin Gwadabawa Ummaru Jekada Ummaru
Vermeer, B., Cornielje, M.T., Cornielje H., Post EB., & Idah MA.(2015). Nigerian realities: Can we ignore traditional leadership in developing successful (BR) ?. DUD, 26(1), 51-62.
Yakubu, A.M., & Yahaya, A.G. (2019). Agents of Islamization amongst Kambari tribe in Nigeria. International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 5(4), 83-89.
Yandaki, A.I., Maishanu, H.M., & Bunza MU. (2014). A history of Yauri Kingdom from 1411 up-to its Emirate status-2014.
Yerima, A. & Umar, M.Z. (2020). The place of Bade Emirate in the promotion of Islamic learning and social integration, 1946-2015. Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies, 7(6), 148-152.
Zik, T.K., Munkaila, I. & Kasimu S. (2023). Local government reforms and the changing riles of traditional institutions in Nigeria. AKSU Journal of Management Sciences, 8(1 and 2), 40-52.
Abdullahi, Y. (2016). A history of Islam among the Fakkawa of Zuru Emirate, 1910-2015. International Journal of English, Literature and Social Science, 1(1), 49-56.
Abdulqadir, U.A. (2016). Traditional rulers and security administration in Nigeria: Challenges for the 21st Century. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 21(8), 1-11.
Abubakar, N.(2015). The impact of colonialism on the Sarauta system in Kano emirate 1903-1960. A PhD thesis submitted at AHMADU Bello University Kano
Abubakar, Y. & Yandaki UA.(2022). From commodity to colonial currencies: A history of money in former Sokoto Province of Nigeria during precolonial and colonial periods. African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 59(5), 59.78.
Ahmed, A. & Egwu G.O.(2014). Management Practices And Constraints Of Sheep Farmers In Sokoto State, Northwestern Nigeria. International Journal Of Science, Environment And Technology, 3 (2), 735 – 748.
Alkali, A.U. & Said K.A. (2015). The effect of colonialism on Shariah: The Malacca and Sokoto experiences. Journal Syriah,23(1),167-188.
Aminu, MY. (2018). The role of zakat in poverty alleviation with particular reference to Sokoto Zakat and Endowment (Waqf) Commission. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(9), 113-1141.
Ayama, B.M. (2018). Takaitaccen tarihin Masarautar Gwadabawa. Sokoto: Kalenjeni Printing Press Sokoto.
Ayodele, M.O. (2021). Changes and dynamics: History and evolution of political institutions in Hausaland till 1900. Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied and Basic Subjects, 1(4), 1-11.
Ayuba, T.M. (2017). Social and economic changes in colonial North-central, Nigeria: The history of Akwanga division, 1911-1960. A PhD Thesis submitted at University of London, UK.
Bala, A. A. (2014), The role of Da'awah in Sokoto Caliphate, Northern Nigeria,1774 to present time. A thesis submitted to the College of Graduate Studies in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in Islamic Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.
Bala, A.A. (2018). Da'wah methods applied by Shaykh Uthman bn Foduye for the reformation of Muslims in (Hausaland) Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention,4(7),13-18.
Bello N., & Marafa M.(2016). Further Remarks 0n The Introduction And Challenges Of Western Education In Gwadabawa District From 1924 to 1976. Degel Journal Of Faculty Of Arts And Islamic Studies, Vol. 12:71-80.
Blench, R., Longtan S., Hassan U., Walsh (2006). The role of traditional rulers in conflict prevention and mediation in Nigeria. Interim Report, Prepared by DFID Nigeria.
Bunza, M.U. & Karim, L.A. (2021). An Islamic statecraft in Sub Saharan Africa: A study of the structure and operations of governance in the Sokoto Caliphate, Nigeria (1804-1903). Journal of Islamic Research, 32(1), 118-37.
Bunza, M.U. (2012). Arabic medicinal manuscripts of precolonial northern Nigeria: A descriptive list. Annual Review of Islam in Africa, 11, 92-96.
Chafe, K. S. (1992). The state and economy in Sokoto Caliphate: Policies and practices in the metropolitan districts (180-1903 AD). A PhD thesis submitted at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
Colonial Reports Annual (1905). Northern Nigeria Report for 1902. London.
DecLancey, M.D. (2005). Moving east, facing west. Islam as an intercultural mediator in urban planning in the Sokoto Empire. African Urban Spaces in Historical Perspective, Edited by Steven J. Sulm and Tog in Falola.
Fika, A.M. (1973). The political and economic reorientation of Kano Emirate, Northern Nigeria, 1882-1940. A PhD Thesis submitted at University of London.
Ganiyu, A. A. (2016). Traditional rulers and the promotion of national unity in Nigeria: Emerging trends. Nigerian Journal of Social Studies, xxix (2), 148-160.
Garba, A. (2020). Islamic state in historical perspective: A lesson for politicians. The Beam: Journal of Arts and Science, 13(2), 1-11.
Gatawa, M.U. (2013). Intergroup relations in historical perspectives: A case study of Yoruba and Hausa communities in Agege, Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of History and Culture, 5(9), 171-177.
Gokaru, S.U., & Hamid, A.F. B. A., (2019). The movement of Uthman bin Foduye in the Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria: An examination of the Malaca sultanate in spreading Islam in the Malay world. Tawarikh (International) for Historical Studies, 9(2), 125-136.
Gokaru, S.U., Hamid, A.F. A., Zin, A.B.A.M. (2018). The role of Uthman bin Foduye in establishing center of Islamic learning in Hausaland, Northern Nigeria: a comparative study of Pondok System in Kelantan, Malaysia. Tawarikh (International) for Historical Studies, 9(2), 125-136.
Gwandu, A.A., (1977). Abdullahi b. fodio as a Muslim jurist, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at www.etheses.dur.actuk/8030/
Ibrahim, A.Z. (2017). Sokoto Caliphate scholars and the classical Islamic philosophers: Issues in divine command of ethics. Studies of the Department of African languages and Cultures, 52, 87-119
Kannike, U.M.M. & Ayinla, YO. (2022). Creation of sustenance of an Islamic dynasty in Ilorin Emirate, A reflection of the Ulama political and religious sagacity. Islamic Welfare Foundation 22 Conference on Islam in Nigeria, 11, 53-66.
Kariya, S., Oteri AJ., Taiwo, L., Bawa S., Asolo J., Dieng B., Baptost AEJ., & Onwu N., (2022). Contributions of the northern traditional leaders to the 2017/2018 measles vaccination campaign in the northern states of Nigeria. Annals of Vaccines and Immunization, 6(1), 10-20.
Kuna, M.J. (1998). The Sokoto Caliphate, colonialism, and the formation of identities: The construction of “Northern Nigeria”. Annals of the Social Science Council of Nigeria, 10, 69-109.
Kware, A. (2019). Poverty in the northwestern part of Nigeria 1976-2010 myth or reality. Sociology International Journal, 3(5):384-390.
Ladan, M.T. (n.d.). The development and application of Sharia in Northern Nigeria: Issues and Challenges.
Lemu, B. A. (2005). Islamic studies for senior secondary schools book 2 and 3.
Muhammad, B.A.S. (2003). Land management in the Sokoto Caliphate: Lessons for contemporary Nigeria. DOI:10.36108/ssan/320032.514.0160.
Mukhtar TM. (2015). Colonialism and Mazalim court system in Sokoto province. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(9), 59-63.
Nasidi, NA. (2015). The spread of Islam in Muri, 1817-1953: The role/ contribution of the Emirs. LAPAI Journal of Nigerian History, 12(2), 118-132.
Sani, A., Buba, U. & Mohammed, I. (2019). Wanda Ya tuna Bara…Bida da Tanadi a Tsakanin Hausawa Matasa A Yau. Global Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 44-50.
Sanyinna, A.D.H., Danillela A. Sanyinnawal S.I. (2017). Fasahar Bahaushe ta Fuskar Noma, Sassaka, Jima, Kira, dukanci da Makamantansu. The Beam: Journal of Arts and Sciences, 11 (2017)16., 1-16.
Sarkingobir, Y., & Miya, Y.Y. (2024). Empty Calories in Processed Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Implications. Kashmir Journal of Science, 3(04), 67-88. Retrieved from https://kjs.org.pk/index.php/kjs/article/view/57.
Sarkingobir, Y., Gidadawa, F.A, & Tambari, A.B. (2021b). An assessment of selected traditional leaders from the Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar Atiku family and their domains in Africa. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal, 5(2), 109-123.. DOI:10.47264/idea.lassij/5.2.8.
Sarkingobir, Y., Umar, AI., Gidadawa FA., & Miya, Y.Y. (2023). Assessment of food security, living condition, personal hygiene health determinants and relations among Almajiri students in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Thu Dau Mot Journal of Science, 5(1),63-76. https://doi.org/10.37550/tdmu.EJS/2023.01.372.
Shareef, M. (2005). Zaman ‘n-Nasaara ‘The Hour of the Christians’African Muslim Resistance to European Colonialism. Sankore Institute of Islamic - African Studies International. www.sankore.org/www.siiasi.org.
Sifawa, A.A. (2020). The role of traditional rulers in addressing security challenges: Reflections on native authority system in colonial Sokoto emirate, 1903-1960. Cultural and Religious Studies, 8(9), 510-524.
Ummaru UJ (1999). Daular Atikawa. An unpublished document prepared by Danmasanin Gwadabawa Ummaru Jekada Ummaru
Vermeer, B., Cornielje, M.T., Cornielje H., Post EB., & Idah MA.(2015). Nigerian realities: Can we ignore traditional leadership in developing successful (BR) ?. DUD, 26(1), 51-62.
Yakubu, A.M., & Yahaya, A.G. (2019). Agents of Islamization amongst Kambari tribe in Nigeria. International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 5(4), 83-89.
Yandaki, A.I., Maishanu, H.M., & Bunza MU. (2014). A history of Yauri Kingdom from 1411 up-to its Emirate status-2014.
Yerima, A. & Umar, M.Z. (2020). The place of Bade Emirate in the promotion of Islamic learning and social integration, 1946-2015. Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies, 7(6), 148-152.
Zik, T.K., Munkaila, I. & Kasimu S. (2023). Local government reforms and the changing riles of traditional institutions in Nigeria. AKSU Journal of Management Sciences, 8(1 and 2), 40-52.