The Epistemological Function of Mantiq (Logic) in Al-Ghazali’s Mi‘yar al-‘Ilm

Abstract

Although Al-Ghazali’s epistemology and logical thought have been widely examined, the role of mantiq (logic) in knowledge formation and validation in Mi‘yar al-‘Ilm fi Fann al-Mantiq remains insufficiently explored. This study analyzes the epistemological function of logic in Al-Ghazali’s thought through a philosophical examination of this work. A qualitative library research approach was employed, using Mi‘yar al-‘Ilm as the primary source alongside secondary literature on Al-Ghazali’s logic, Islamic epistemology, and the development of mantiq within the Islamic intellectual tradition. Sources were documented and analyzed using descriptive-analytical and interpretive methods, focusing on tashawwur, tashdiq, definitions, propositions, and qiyas. The findings indicate that logic functions as an epistemological instrument that structures knowledge acquisition through accurate conceptualization, proper judgment, and valid inference. However, logic is not presented as the sole source of knowledge, since the epistemic warrant of its conclusions also depends on the truth and justification of the premises. These findings clarify the relationship between logical reasoning and knowledge validation in Al-Ghazali’s epistemological framework. The study contributes to understanding mantiq as a methodological foundation that connects rational inquiry with the broader pursuit of knowledge within the Islamic intellectual tradition.