Analysis of the Quality and Durability of SUS 304 Plates Used as Food Containers through Tensile and Deflection Tests
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Authors:Intan Amita Waluya1*, Andril Arafat2, Reza3, Syahril4, Mulianti5
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Abstract
Stainless steel 304 (SUS 304) is widely used for food containers because of its corrosion resistance and suitability for food-contact applications. However, the occurrence of denting, wrinkling, and permanent deformation in some products suggests possible variations in material quality and mechanical performance. This study compared the chemical composition and mechanical properties of two types of SUS 304 food containers, designated Type 1 and Type 2. Chemical composition was determined using optical emission spectroscopy, while mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M and deflection testing using the three-point bending method. The evaluated parameters comprised yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, maximum force, deflection modulus, and deflection strength. Chemical analysis confirmed that all specimens satisfied the compositional requirements for stainless steel 304 specified in ASTM A240. The mechanical test results showed that Type 1 specimens had greater tensile strength than Type 2 specimens. Type 1 also exhibited higher deflection modulus and deflection strength, although Type 2 recorded a slightly higher average maximum force. These findings indicate that Type 1 food containers possess greater stiffness and resistance to deformation and therefore demonstrate superior overall mechanical quality compared with Type 2 products. The study provides an evidence-based framework for evaluating material performance and strengthening quality-control procedures for SUS 304 food containers.
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