Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye (FCF) in Wastewater Using Visible Light Induced Activity of α-Haematite Nanoparticle Synthesized via Green Route
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24-40
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Dec 13, 2025
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10.58578/kijst.v3i1.8289
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Authors:
Emmanuel Ba’aku AttahDaniel1, Emmanuel A Kamba2, Mohammad Ziyaulhaq Mohammad3, James Dama Habila4 
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Abstract
This study investigated the photocatalytic activity of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (hematite) synthesized from the extract of Senna siamea flower and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis / Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was measured by degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye. The α-Fe2O3-S.S nanoparticles showed excellent photocatalytic performance, an optimum photocatalytic degradation 82% was obtained within 150 minutes intervals at loading catalyst dose of 150 mg at a concentration of 15 ppm. Thus, the catalyst demonstrated efficient degradation capacity of Brilliant Blue dye in wastewater.
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Hematite Nanoparticles; Green Synthesis; Senna Siamea Extract; Photocatalytic Degradation; Brilliant Blue Dye
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AttahDaniel, E. B., Kamba, E. A., Mohammad, M. Z., & Habila, J. D. (2025). Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye (FCF) in Wastewater Using Visible Light Induced Activity of α-Haematite Nanoparticle Synthesized via Green Route. Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology, 3(1), 24-40. https://doi.org/10.58578/kijst.v3i1.8289
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
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Yerima, E. A., Ogwuche, E., Ndubueze, C. I., Muhammed, K. A., & Habila, J. D. (2024). Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye in wastewater by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Trends in Ecological and Indoor Environmental Technology, 2(1), 50–55.
Adeniyi, P. A., Abiola, N. O., Mohammad, Y. S., et al. (2018). Insight into wastewater decontamination using polymeric adsorbents. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1651–1672.
Adeogun, A. O., Ibor, O. R., Adeduntan, S. D., & Arukwe, A. (2016). Intersex and alterations in the reproductive development of cichlid, Tilapia guineensis, from a municipal domestic water supply (Eleyele) in south western Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment, 541, 372–382.
Alivisatos, A. P. (1996). Science, 271, 933.
AttahDaniel, E. B., Mtunzi, F. M., Wankasi, D., Ayawei, N., Dikio, E. D., & Diagboya, P. N. (2022). Relative empirical evaluation of the aqueous sequestration of methylene blue using benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid linked lanthanum and zinc metal organic frameworks. Water Air Soil Pollut, 233, Article 442.
AttahDaniel, E. B., Dikio, E. D., Ayawei, N., Wankasi, D., Mtunzi, F. M., & Diagboy, P. N. (2023). Adsorption investigation of a composite of metal-organic framework and polyethylene oxide hydrogel. Proc IMechE Part N: J Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems, 1–8.
Bhatnagar, A., & Minocha, A. K. (2006). Conventional and non-conventional adsorbents for removal of pollutants from water. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/825910
Booth, G. (2000). Dyes, general survey. In Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.
Cornell, R. M., & Schwertmann, U. (1996). The iron oxides. Wiley.
Das, S., Sen, B., & Debnath, N. (2015). Recent trends in nanomaterials application in environmental monitoring and remediation. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, 22, 1833–1844.
Fox, M. (1988). Photocatalytic oxidation of organic substance. In Photocatalysis and environment: Trends and application (pp. 445–467). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Gaya, U. I., & Abdullah, A. H. (2008). Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants over titanium dioxide: A review of fundamentals, progress and problems. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 9, 1–12.
Hassan, S., El-azab, W. I. M., Ali, H., & Mansour, M. S. M. (2015). Green synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of anthracene. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/6/4/045012
Huo, L., Li, W., Lu, L., Cui, H., Xi, S., Wang, J., Zhao, B., Shen, Y., & Lu, Z. (2000). Preparation, structure, and properties of three-dimensional ordered α-Fe2O3 nano particulate film. Chem. Mater., 12(3), 790.
Inyinbor, A. A., Adekola, F. A., & Olatunji, G. A. (2016). Liquid phase adsorption of rhodamine B onto acid treated Raphia kerie epicarp: Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamics studies. South African Journal of Chemistry, 69, 218–226.
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). (2017). Compendium of food additive specifications (FAO JECFA Monographs 20; 84th meeting).
Kamble, S. M. (2016). Water pollution and public health issues in kalhapur city in maharashra. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 4(1), 1–6.
Karunakaran, C., & Senthilvelan, S. (2006). Electrochemistry Communications, 8, 95–101.
Khadka, S. K. (2018). Semiconductor diode: Theory and principles (p. 3).
Mansoori, G. A., Rohani, B. T., Ahmadpour, A., & Eshaghi, Z. (2008). Environmental application of nanotechnology. Annual Review of Nano Research, 2, 1–73.
Masciangoli, T., & Zhang, W. (2003). Environmental technology. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 102–108.
Mohamed, A., Nasser, W. S., Osman, T. A., Toprak, M. S., Muhammed, M., & Uheida, A. (2017). Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using surface modified composite nanofibers. J Colloid Interface Sci, 505, 682–691.
Natural Resources Conservation Service. (2015). PLANTS Database. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Nyamukamba, P., Justice, M., & Mungondori, H. (2019). Visible light-active CdS/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles immobilized on polyacrylonitrile membranes for the photodegradation of dyes in water. Journal of Nanotechnology, 2019, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5135618
Palmate, S. S., Pandey, A., Kumar, D., Pandey, R. P., & Mishra, S. K. (2017). Climate change impact on forest cover and vegetation in betwa basin, India. Applied Water Science, 7, 1–12.
Rao, C. N. R., & Rao, G. V. S. (1974). Transition metal oxides: Crystal chemistry and phase transition (p. 4).
Rojas-Sandoval, J., & Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. (2013). Senna siamea (yellow cassia). In Invasive Species Compendium. CABI Publishing.
Rwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R., & Anthony, S. (2009). Agroforestree Database: A tree reference and selection guide (Version 4.0). World Agroforestry Centre.
Sahu, M. K. (2019). Semiconductor nanoparticles: Theory and applications (pp. 491–494).
Sherine, O. O., & Gerald, J. M. (2004). Nanostructured materials for environmental remediation of organic contaminants in water. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A—Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 39, 2549–2582.
Singh, J., Dutta, T., Kim, K.-H., Rawat, M., Sambddar, P., & Pawankuma. (2018). Green synthesis of metals and their oxide nanoparticles: Applications for environmental remediation.
Taneji, P., Sharma, S., Umar, A., Mehta, S. K., Ibhadon, A. O., & Kansal, S. K. (2018). Visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green dye based on cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) nanoparticles. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 211, 335–342.
Viswanathan, B. (2017). Photocatalytic degradation of dyes: An overview. National Center for Catalysis Research, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. https://doi.org/10.2174/2211544707666171219161846
World Health Organization. (2000). Operation and maintenance of rural water supply and sanitation systems: A training package for managers and planners (WHO/SDE/WSH/00.2). World Health Organization.
Yerima, E. A., Ogwuche, E., Ndubueze, C. I., Muhammed, K. A., & Habila, J. D. (2024). Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye in wastewater by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Trends in Ecological and Indoor Environmental Technology, 2(1), 50–55.