Genetics of Quantitative Phenotype of African Fan Shrimp (Atya gabonensis) from Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria Using Principal Component Analysis
Article Sidebar
Page Numbers:
222-235
Digital Object Identifier:
10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6247
Viewed: 211 times
Downloaded: 155 times
LYAS Publisher cordially invites qualified professionals to serve as Editors or Reviewers. Your expertise will make an important contribution to maintaining and strengthening the academic quality of our publications. Interested applicants are kindly requested to complete the application form at the following link: Editors & Reviewers
Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information about the submission process or if you have any additional questions.
Authors:
Uruku Ndekimbe Mamndeyati1, Ameh Oyibinga Rose2, Gabriel Shola Solomon3 
Copyright :
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
Main Article Content
Abstract
The African fan shrimp (Atya gabonensis), a non-clawed, filter-feeding decapod of ecological and nutritional importance, remains understudied regarding its population structure and phenotypic variability in Nigerian freshwater ecosystems. This study assessed quantitative phenotypic traits and inferred population structure of A. gabonensis from the Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). One hundred adult specimens were measured for 14 morphometric traits, including total length, carapace dimensions, and abdominal parameters. After standardizing data via allometric transformation, PCA was performed to identify key contributors to phenotypic variation. Data suitability was confirmed (KMO = 0.73, Bartlett’s test p < 0.001). The first four principal components, with eigenvalues greater than one, explained 75.65% of total variance. PC1 (32.31%) was dominated by total length, standard length, and body weight, reflecting overall body size. PC2 (19.91%) emphasized carapace and abdominal length, indicating internal body capacity variation. PC3 (11.89%) and PC4 (11.54%) represented differences in gut and carapace width, respectively, suggesting morphological variation linked to environmental adaptation or sexual dimorphism. These morphometric patterns reveal significant phenotypic variability within the population, providing insights into potential genetic divergence and local adaptation. The findings offer foundational data to support species management, aquaculture development, and conservation strategies. This study demonstrates the efficacy of PCA in elucidating key phenotypic traits and highlights the value of integrating morphometric and genetic analyses for comprehensive crustacean stock assessments.
Citation Metrics:
Downloads
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Adepoju, S. A., Fashina-Bombata, H. A. and Oketoki, O. T. (2021). Morphometric and meristic characterization of African riverine fishes. Journal of Fisheries Science, 35(1), 56–63.
Adeyemi, S. O., Bankole, N. O. and Yusuf, H. B. (2019). Morphometric and meristic characterization of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from different water bodies in Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(2), 110–116.
Elliott, N. G., Haskard, K. and Koslow, J. A. (1995). Morphometric analysis of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) off the continental slope of southern Australia. Journal of Fish Biology, 46(2), 202–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05962.x
Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Froese, R. (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22(4), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
Grooves, R.F. (1985). The Prawn, its nature and nurture. Fishery News Books Survey. England, 95 P.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. and Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Ighwela, K. A., Ahmed, A. B. and Abol-Munafi, A. B. (2011). Condition factor as an indicator of growth and feeding intensity of Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(3), 527–536.
Ihensekhien, E. M., Solomon, S. G. and Ivoke, N. (2021). Morphometric characterization and phenotypic differentiation of wild and cultured populations of Clarias gariepinus using multivariate analysis. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 16(2), 45–53.
Ihese, F. N., Okeke, O. C., and Onuoha, E. (2020). Morphometric and meristic variations of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii from selected rivers in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 24(3), 493–499.
Jolliffe, I. T. and Cadima, J. (2016). Principal component analysis: A review and recent developments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2065), 20150202.
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
Kumar, R., Sinha, M. R., and Lal, K. K. (2020). Morphometric and meristic traits for fish stock identification: A brief overview. Journal of Experimental Zoology India, 23(1), 211–216.
Mariappan, P., Balasundaram, C., and Schmitz, B. (2000). Decapod crustacean chelipeds: An overview. Journal of Biosciences, 25(3), 301–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703939
Moses, M. E., Umeh, E. D. and Agbede, S. A. (2019). Assessment of anthropogenic effects on water quality in River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 3(1), 65–74.
Njoku, D. C., Nwani, C. D. and Ugwumba, A. A. (2022). Application of principal component analysis for morphometric differentiation of fish populations from the Niger River Basin. Aquaculture Reports, 22, 100950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100950
Oben, P. M., Agbo, F. C. and Gevera, K. C. (2020). Human-induced threats and habitat degradation in freshwater systems of Benue State. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8224-2
Powell, C. B. (1982). Fresh and brackish water shrimps of economic importance in the Niger Delta. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 254–261.
Powell, C. B. (1982). Freshwater decapods of Nigeria: species richness, higher taxa and size distribution. Freshwater Biology, 12(4), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1982.tb00633.x
Reist, J. D. (1985). An empirical evaluation of several univariate methods that adjust for size variation in morphometric data. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63(6), 1429–1439. https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-213
Rohlf, F. J. and Marcus, L. F. (1993). A revolution in morphometrics. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 8(4), 129–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-J
Silva, R. M., Santos, C. M. and Costa, R. M. (2015). Morphological variation in populations of Macrobrachium amazonicum from different Brazilian regions. Zoologia, 32(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702015000100007
Teletchea, F. and Fontaine, P. (2014). Levels of domestication in fish: Implications for the sustainable future of aquaculture. Fish and Fisheries, 15(2), 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12006
Turan, C. (2004). Stock identification of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) using morphometric and meristic characteristics. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 61(5), 774–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.05.001
Turan, C., Ergüden, D., Gürlek, M. and Yalçin, S. (2006). Morphometric structuring of the anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Black, Aegean and North-eastern Mediterranean Seas. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30, 145–150.
Wimberger, P. H. (1992). Plasticity of fish body shape. The American Zoologist, 32(2), 656–665.
Yakubu, A. and Madu, T. (2014). Principal component analysis of body measurements in Nigerian indigenous sheep populations. Journal of Animal Science and Advances, 4(6), 826–834.
Zelditch, M. L., Swiderski, D. L. and Sheets, H. D. (2012). Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer. Academic Press.