Effects of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Annona senegalensis on Kidney Function and Lipid Profile in Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats
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297-319
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Sep 9, 2025
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10.58578/ajstm.v2i3.7358
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Isaac John Umaru1, Khalid Yahuza Abbas2, Mosugu Ovayoza Omolara3, Agbo Chibuike Ekunyi4, Usman Ikira5, Ogar Fonne Okang6, Ingwu Joseph Akem7, Akafa Andes Tansaba8, Otashu Kenneth Frank9, Shadrach Philip10 
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the anticancer properties of Annona senegalensis stem bark extract in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats. Liver carcinogenesis was induced in groups II–VI by intraperitoneal injection of DEN (50 mg/kg body weight in DMSO) once weekly for three weeks. Group II served as the negative control, while group III was the positive control (treated with silymarin, 100 mg/kg b.w.). Groups IV, V, and VI received ethanol extracts of A. senegalensis at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg b.w., respectively, administered orally for 14 days. Treatment with the extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced blood urea and creatinine levels, improved electrolyte balance, and enhanced liver histoarchitecture. The extract also favorably modulated lipid metabolism, lowering cholesterol levels from 368.57 ± 1.72 in the negative control to 251.31 ± 1.10 at 400 mg/kg, while increasing HDL levels from 96.21 ± 1.23 to 233.13 ± 0.86 at 600 mg/kg. These results suggest a cardioprotective role via improved lipid profiles. Additionally, kidney function was improved, as reflected by reduced urea (17.30 ± 0.85) and creatinine (2.67 ± 0.23) compared to negative controls (34.53 ± 0.70 and 3.72 ± 0.45, respectively). Overall, the ethanol extract of A. senegalensis demonstrated hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and lipid-regulating effects, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating DEN-induced HCC and its associated metabolic complications.
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Annona senegalensis; Stem Bark Extract; Diethylnitrosamine; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Lipid Metabolism; Kidney Function; Wistar Rats
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Umaru, I. J., Abbas, K. Y., Omolara, M. O., Ekunyi, A. C., Ikira, U., Okang, O. F., Akem, I. J., Tansaba, A. A., Frank, O. K., & Philip, S. (2025). Effects of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Annona senegalensis on Kidney Function and Lipid Profile in Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats. African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine, 2(3), 297-319. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstm.v2i3.7358
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