Assessment of Plasma Interferon Gamma among Adult Patients with Hepatitis B Infection in Kebbi State, Nigeria
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548-561
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10.58578/ajstea.v4i4.9953
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Authors:Ibrahim S.G1, M.B Danlami2, Bagudo A.I.3, Aliero A.A.4, Jabaka R.D5, Y.K. Danladi6, Ukatu V.E.7, Abdulazeez Aisha Folake8, Ibrahim Abubakar Muhammad9, Shamsudeen Muhammad Muhammad10*, Murtala Sa'adu11
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health concern, particularly in Nigeria. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a critical cytokine in antiviral immunity, may influence disease progression and immune regulation. This study assessed plasma IFN-γ levels among adults with HBV infection and examined their associations with sociodemographic characteristics. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital in Birnin Kebbi, involving 400 adults screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Plasma IFN-γ concentrations in HBsAg-positive participants were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while sociodemographic data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Of the 400 participants, 170 (42.5%) tested positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence was observed among participants aged 20–29 years (52.9%) and males (64.8%), while students (26.5%) and civil servants (24.8%) recorded the highest occupational prevalence. Mean plasma IFN-γ levels were slightly higher in females (8.02 ± 2.46 pg/mL) than in males (7.89 ± 2.49 pg/mL), although the difference was not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05). No significant correlations were found between IFN-γ levels and age or occupation. The findings demonstrate a high prevalence of HBV infection among young adults, particularly males, while plasma IFN-γ concentrations did not vary significantly across the examined sociodemographic groups. This study provides context-specific evidence on HBV prevalence and cytokine profiles in Kebbi State and underscores the need for youth-focused HBV education and vaccination programs.
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