Investigation of Human Schistosomiasis and Other Parasitic Infections among Early School Children in Makurdi Metropolis

Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence of human schistosomiasis and other parasitic infections among early school-aged children in the Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 424 stool and urine samples were examined, with 220 (52.0%) collected from children in the Wadata community and 204 (48.0%) from Northbank. The participants included 218 males (51.4%) and 206 females (48.6%). Overall, 137 children (32.3%) were infected with at least one parasite, with a higher prevalence among males (36.7%) compared to females (27.7%). Infections with Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni were detected in 1.8% and 0.9% of the participants, respectively. Eight different parasitic species were identified, with Ascaris lumbricoides (6.6%) and hookworm (6.1%) being the most prevalent in single infections. The most common dual parasitic infection was Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm (4.2%), while the most observed triple infection involved Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica, and Ascaris lumbricoides (1.7%). Multiple infections frequently included Ascaris lumbricoides, followed by hookworm. Children aged 11–15 years showed the highest infection prevalence (41.3%), although the relationship between age and infection rate was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Contributing factors to infection included poor sanitation, inadequate access to basic amenities, and limited awareness about schistosomiasis and intestinal parasites. The study underscores the need for coordinated efforts by government and non-governmental organizations to improve living conditions and enhance public health education in affected communities.