Epidemiological Analysis of Age and Gender Disparities of Some Selected Diseases Among Children Under Five in Lagos State, Nigeria

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Page Numbers: 584-599
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Published: Apr 13, 2025
Digital Object Identifier: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5367
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Authors:
Alfred Ayo Ayenigba1*, Olutunde Michael Ajao2
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Alfred Ayo Ayenigba
Ajayi Crowther University Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
Olutunde Michael Ajao
Ajayi Crowther University Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Infant mortality due to preventable infectious diseases remains a critical public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in resource-limited settings like Lagos State, Nigeria. This study conducted a statistical analysis of the patterns of selected diseases—malaria, measles, kwashiorkor, yellow fever, and cholera—affecting children under four years of age at Egan Primary Health Care Center in Igando, Lagos, over a one-year period (2020). Utilizing a hospital-based cross-sectional design, secondary data from 1,541 cases were analyzed using chi-square tests, relative risk (RR), and odds ratio (OR) to assess disease dependency on age, gender, and inter-disease associations. The results revealed that disease occurrence was independent of age (χ² = 857.48, p < 0.001) but showed no significant dependency on gender (χ² = 2.14, p = 0.709), though males exhibited higher susceptibility to malaria (OR = 1.33, RR = 1.15), measles (OR = 1.02), and kwashiorkor (OR = 1.16). In contrast, yellow fever (OR = 0.94) and cholera (OR = 0.96) posed slightly lower risks to males. The study highlights a high burden of childhood infectious diseases in Lagos, driven by environmental and healthcare disparities, and recommends targeted, gender-sensitive interventions to reduce under-five mortality.

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Article Details

How to Cite
Ayenigba, A. A., & Ajao, O. M. (2025). Epidemiological Analysis of Age and Gender Disparities of Some Selected Diseases Among Children Under Five in Lagos State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art, 3(3), 584-599. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5367

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Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

References

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