Optimization of Zn(II)-Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) Complex Formation for UV–Vis Spectrophotometric Determination
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Abstract
Direct UV–Vis spectrophotometric determination of Zn(II) is limited by the absence of a suitable intrinsic chromophore, necessitating complex formation to obtain an analytical absorption response. However, comprehensive optimization of the Zn(II)–diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) extraction system remains limited. This study optimized complex formation and chloroform extraction for Zn(II) determination and preliminarily examined Cr(III) interference. A quantitative experimental approach using Zn(II) standard solutions evaluated absorption wavelength, pH, shaking time, and standing time, followed by calibration curve construction and interference assessment. The Zn(II)–DDTC complex exhibited an absorption maximum at 335 nm. The optimum pH was 5, and the optimum shaking time was 20 min. During the stability assessment, the highest absorbance was observed after 50 min of standing. Under the optimized conditions, calibration over 10–40 mg/L yielded a linear relationship described by y = 0.019x + 0.0551, with R² = 0.9988. Cr(III) addition generally increased absorbance, indicating that it affected the analytical response under the investigated conditions. These findings identify preliminary operating conditions for the Zn(II)–DDTC extraction system and provide a basis for further development of UV–Vis spectrophotometric Zn(II) determination. Further method validation and selectivity assessment are required before application to environmental samples.
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