The Effect of Using Smartboard Learning Media on Students’ Learning Outcomes in the Top-Down Multiplication Unit in Grade 3 at SDN 14 Pulau Punjung
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Abstract
Low achievement in vertical multiplication is associated with students’ difficulty understanding procedural steps, correctly positioning digits and carrying values, and actively engaging in classroom learning. This study examined the effect of Smart Board learning media on third-grade students’ learning outcomes in vertical multiplication. A quantitative, quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group was employed. The population comprised 31 third-grade students at SDN 14 Pulau Punjung, all of whom were included through saturation sampling. Class III A, consisting of 16 students, served as the experimental group, whereas Class III B, comprising 15 students, served as the control group. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests and analyzed using normality and homogeneity tests followed by an independent-samples t-test in SPSS 25. The experimental group achieved a mean post-test score of 82.19, compared with 65.00 in the control group. The hypothesis test yielded a two-tailed significance value of .001, indicating a statistically significant difference between the groups. These findings demonstrate that Smart Board learning media significantly improved students’ learning outcomes in vertical multiplication. The study highlights the practical value of interactive instructional media for facilitating procedural understanding and supporting mathematics achievement in elementary education.
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