Implementation of the Problem-Based Learning Model to Improve Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes in Grade IV at SD Negeri 060916 Medan Sunggal
Main Article Content
Abstract
Low mathematics achievement among fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 060916 Medan Sunggal was associated with teacher-centered instruction that restricted students’ active participation in conceptual understanding and mathematical problem-solving. This study aimed to improve students’ mathematics learning outcomes on plane geometry through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. Classroom action research based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model was conducted in two cycles, each comprising planning, action, observation, and reflection, with 24 fourth-grade students as participants. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, achievement tests, and documentation and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The findings demonstrated a progressive improvement in students’ mathematics achievement, with the mean score increasing from 76.25 in the pre-cycle to 80.92 in Cycle I and 85.83 in Cycle II. Learning mastery also increased from 66.67% in the pre-cycle to 83.33% in Cycle I and 95.83% in Cycle II. In addition, the implementation of PBL enhanced students’ classroom participation, collaboration, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The study concludes that PBL is effective in improving mathematics learning outcomes and the quality of instruction on plane geometry. These findings provide practical evidence for elementary school teachers seeking to implement student-centered, problem-oriented learning that strengthens both academic achievement and higher-order thinking skills.

Citation Metrics:
Downloads
Citation Metrics & Similar Scopus Articles
-
Irawati R. (2027)Enhancing accounting students’ writing performance through problem-based learning: Evidence from a vocational higher education contextMultidisciplinary Science Journal, 9(1)
-
Kenzhaliyev B.K. (2027)Predicting Copper Production Cycles in Hydrometallurgy with Interpretable Machine LearningKompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra, 341(2), 5-15
-
Naemi Z. (2027)The Relationship between Second Language Learning Strategies, Learning Engagement, and Writing Skill in the Arabic Writing CurriculumLanguage Related Research, 17(4), 331-360
Article Details

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Abdillah, F. (2024). Peran Perguruan Tinggi dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia di Indonesia. EDUCAZIONE: Jurnal Multidisiplin, 1(1), 13–24. https://j-educa.org/index.php/educazione/article/view/4
Amri, H., Rifaldi, R., & Malik, A. (2025). Model Problem Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Saraweta, 3(1), 61–75. https://ejurnal.staiddimaros.ac.id/index.php/saraweta/article/view/182
Gusmarlia, F. (2025). Pentingnya Konsep Dasar Matematika di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Literasiologi, 14(1). https://jurnal.literasikitaindonesia.com/index.php/literasiologi/article/view/999
Husna, A., Ilmi, N., & Gusmaneli. (2025). Strategi Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik. Katalis Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Matematika, 2(2), 76–86. https://journal.lpkd.or.id/index.php/Katalis/article/view/1532
Jacub, T. A., Marto, H., & Darwis, A. (2020). Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dalam Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS: Studi Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di SMP Negeri 2 Tolitoli. Tolis Ilmiah: Jurnal Penelitian, 2(2), 140–147. https://ojs.umada.ac.id/index.php/Tolis_Ilmiah/article/view/126
Jannah, R., Soraya, R. A., Suriansyah, A., & Cinantya, C. (2024). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran Matematika terhadap Hasil Belajar di Sekolah Dasar. MARAS: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin, 2(4), 1991–1998. https://doi.org/10.60126/maras.v2i4.550
Lubis, A. H. (2020). Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar melalui Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Numered Heads Together. Forum Paedagogik, 10(2), 127–143. https://jurnal.uinsyahada.ac.id/index.php/JP/article/view/2268
Machali, I. (2022). Bagaimana Melakukan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas bagi Guru? Indonesian Journal of Action Research, 1(2), 315–327. https://doi.org/10.14421/ijar.2022.12-21
Musaidah, E., Sulandari, D., & Mariani, S. (2024). Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika melalui Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah, 8(1), 125–132. https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/JPPMS/article/view/33298
Nashita, A. M. E., Najib, A. F. R. A., & Mufidah, N. (2026). Saat Konsentrasi Menjadi Tantangan: Peran Guru sebagai Fasilitator Inovatif untuk Meningkatkan Fokus Belajar Siswa. Risenologi, 11(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.21009/risenologi.111.02
Nofita, H. (2024). Meta Analisis Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika. Martyvel: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 1(2), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.33084/martyvel.v1i2.7517
Pangestu, R., Auliya, A. F., Nurbaya, S., Safitri, S., & Oktapiani, R. (2026). Peran Guru Abad 21 dalam Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Sejarah Inovatif dan Berorientasi pada Student-Centred. Jurnal Terapan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, 6(1), 1–10. https://ojs.unublitar.ac.id/index.php/jtpdm/article/view/2283
Putra, B. R. D., Nasution, S. R. A., & Darmansah, T. (2025). Peran Guru dalam Pembentukan Pendidikan Karakter bagi Perkembangan SDM di Sekolah. EBISMAN eBisnis Manajemen, 3(1), 75–85. https://ejournal-nipamof.id/index.php/EBISMAN/article/view/666
Ramadhani, A. S., Ruzana, A., Lestari, M. I., Nasroellah, N. F., & Fauzi, I. (2026). Analisis Pola Implementasi Siklus Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dalam Tahap Perencanaan, Tindakan, Observasi, dan Refleksi: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis. Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipin, 4(5), 447–457. https://doi.org/10.60126/jim.v4i5.1535
Rinesti, N., Yasa, P., & Sujanem, R. (2019). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Kelas X MIPA 2 SMAN Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Undiksha, 9(1), 13–23. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJPF/article/view/20645
Puspita Sari, A. S., Amalia, A. R., & Sutisnawati, A. (2022). Upaya Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Menggunakan Media Rainbow Board di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 6(3), 3251–3265. https://doi.org/10.31004/cendekia.v6i3.1687
Setiowati, E., Hadi, S., Ulfa, M., Dainuri, A., Sholeh, F., Surur, M., & Munawwir, Z. (2024). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematika dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Kajian Penelitian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2(2), 55–68. https://jurnal.aksaraglobal.co.id/index.php/jkppk/article/view/321
Syawalia, Alimuddin, H., & Rosida, V. (2025). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematika Siswa. Poligon: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 3(1). https://journal.matappa.ac.id/index.php/poligon/article/view/3894
Wardani, D. A. W. (2023). Problem Based Learning: Membuka Peluang Kolaborasi dan Pengembangan Skill Siswa. Jawa Dwipa, 4(1), 1–17. https://ejournal.sthd-jateng.ac.id/JawaDwipa/index.php/jawadwipa/article/view/61
Widayati, T. (2026). Analisis Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Fase C dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Kontekstual. Jurnal Didaktika Pendidikan Dasar, 10(1), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.26811/didaktika.v10i1.1939


















