Effects of Ginger on Growth Indices and Pb Bioaccumulation of Tomato Fruits Cultivated in Lead and Spent Engine Oil-Contaminated Soils
Published
2024-03-09
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10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2790
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Abstract
Good soil is needed for public health and this research studies lead concentrations of tomato planted in different soil samples in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria (with 50mg/kg simulated and non-simulated contamination) labelled groups A-H. Two weeks-old tomato seedlings were transplanted to triplicates of soils pots labelled A: normal soil, B:Ginger treated (positive control), three negative controls; C:lead contaminated; D Spent Engine Oil (SEO) contaminated, and E:Pb+SEO containing soil, F:Lead contaminated+ginger treatment, G: SEO contaminated+ginger treatment, H:lead+SEO contaminated+ginger treatment. The lengths, circumferences and weights of 36 tomato fruits per plant pot were measured at random. Lead uptake and bioaccumulation were also assessed in tomato fruits derived from each group. Tomato fruits in group E weighed highest (15.41±7.81g) while those in group H had the lowest weight (12.02±6.69g). The longest and the highest average tomato fruit circumference were recorded in group D (5.61±2.66cm and 6.15±2.93cm) respectively. Conversely, group H presented the shortest mean tomato fruits with 4.19±2.45cm and lowest fruit circumference (4.49±2.34cm). Bioaccumulation of lead was highest in tomatoes of group E with 1.79±0.47ppm and the lowest was derived from group A:normal soil with 0.68±0.13ppm on average each. The lead concentrations of all groups exceeded permissible limits specified in WHO/FAO Standards (0.01 ppm) as well as the maximum allowable concentration of 0.02 ppm by EU and 0.05 ppm limit set by USEPA suggesting a public health concern.
Keywords:
Soil pollution; Food Safety and Security; Reactive Oxygen Species; Heavy metal toxicity; Phytoremediation
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Olaniyi, A. A., Stephen, E. C., & John, U. I. (2024). Effects of Ginger on Growth Indices and Pb Bioaccumulation of Tomato Fruits Cultivated in Lead and Spent Engine Oil-Contaminated Soils. Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art, 2(2), 264-279. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2790
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References
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Lam S.S., Russell, A.D., Lee, C.L. and Chase, H.A. (2012) Microwave-heated pyrolysis of waste automotive engine oil: Influence of operation parameters on the yield, composition, and fuel properties of pyrolysis oil. Fuel. 92(1):327-339.
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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grant #P42 ES016465), Copyright ©2021 Oregon State University
Nikkhah Bodagh, M., Maleki, I., Hekmatdoost, A. (2019) Ginger in gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr. 7:96– 108
Oladitan T.O. and Oluwasemire K. O. (2018). Influence of weather condition on selected tomato varieties in response to season of sowing in akure, a rainforest zone of Nigeria. Art Human Open Acc J. 2(6):422-426.
Onuah, F and Abrak, I. (2015). At Least 28 Children Killed by Lead Poisoning in Nigeria. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/844746.
Orisakwe, O.E., Herbert, O.C.M., Godwin, C.A., Ukeme, W.E. and Patrick, U. (2015). Heavy Metals in Seafood and Farm Produce from Uyo, Nigeria, Levels and health implications. Sultan Qaboos University Med J. 15(2):275-282.
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Salihu Z.O., Umar MA. (2014). Heavy metal of some spices available within FCT Abuja Nigeria, Journal of Agricultural and Food Science. 2:66-74.
Schnaas L, Rothenberg SJ, Flores M, Martinez S, Hernandez C, Osorio E, Perroni E. (2006) Reduced intellectual development in children with prenatal lead exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives.114(5):791-797.
Siddiqui M.W., Lara I., Ilahy R., Tlili I., Ali A., Homa F, Prasad K., Deshi V., Lenucci, M. S., and Hidder C. (2018) Dynamic changes in health-promoting properties and eating quality during off-vine ripening of tomatoes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 17(6):1540-1560.
Tchounwou, P.B., Yedjou, C.G., Patlolla, A.K and Sutton, D.J. (2014). Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Molecular Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. 101:133-164.
Umaru, I.J., Boyi, R.H., Miyel, M.H., Kukoyi, A.J., Umaru, K.I., Umaru, H.A. and Kanati, M. (2018). Antdiabetc Potentals of Leaves Extract of Barringtonia Racemosa (L) in Alloxan-Induced Albino Rats. Am J Pharmacol Pharmacother 5(2):1-5.
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Zhang, K.; Chai, F.; Zheng, Z.; Yang, Q.; Zhong, X.; Fomba, K.W.; Zhou, G. (2018) Size Distribution and Source of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter on the Lead and Zinc Smelting Affected Area. J. Environ. Sci. 71:188–196.
Abu-Dieyeh, M.H., Usman, K., Alduroobi, H. and Al-Ghouti, M. (2018). Mercury toxicity: The importance of microbial diversity for improved environmental remediation. Heavy metals in the environment. CRC Press, 2018:248–267.
Abu-Dieyeh, M.H., Usman, K., Zouari, N. and Al-Ghouti, A.M. (2020). Lead (Pb) bioaccumulation and antioxidative responses in Tetraena qataranse. Scientific Reports 10:17070-79.
Adriano, D.C. (1986) Trace elements in the terrestrial environment. Springer-Verlag New York.1986. 105123, 533
Agency for toxic substances and disease control, (2011). (www.astdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs /es_tfascts143). División de Toxicología y Medicina Ambiental. Departamento de Salud y Servicios humanos de los EEUU. Washington (USA): Servicio de Salud Pública 269.
Ardisana E.F.H., Suárez A.M. and Álvarez S.P. (2018). Molecular and biochemical characterization of oxidative stress in tomato plants cultivated with lead (Pb). Horticult Int J. 2(6):399‒402.
Balogun, J.K. (2017). Assessment of trace elements concentration in tissues of Tilapia Fish (Tilapia guineensis) from Badagry creek, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International. 10(2):1-9.
Balogun, J.K. Kareem K.O. and Ajani E.K. (2021). Trace Metals in Selected Fish Species from Five Cowries Creek, Southwest Nigeria: Consumer Safety Assessment. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research. 12(6):38-48.
Dendooven, L., Alvarez-Bernal, D. and Contreras-Ramos. S.M. (2011). Earthworms, a means to accelerate removal of hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil? A mini-review. Pedobiologia. 54:187–192.
Encyclopedia of Life, (2014). Garden Tomato. Solanum lycopersicum L. http://eol.org/pages/ 392557/overview.
Ezeonu, C.S., Egwuatu, P.I., Imo, C., Amoo, A.O., Abah, M. A , Habibu, B., Elijah, B. D, Umeh,. Richard, N. D. and Ibo M. E (2022a). Physicochemical Properties Of Shea Butter Synthesized Biodiesel. Int J Petro Chem Natur Gas, 2(1):23-29.
Ezeonu, C.S., Tagbo, R., Anike, E.N., Oje, O.A., Onwurah, I.N.E. (2012). Biotechnological tools for environmental sustainability: prospects and challenges for environments in Nigeria—a standard review. Biotechnology Research International 2012.
Ezeonu, C.S., Tatah, V.S., Imo, C., Yakubu, O.E., Garba, Q.H. and Arowora, K., (2022b). Antioxidant potential of ginger extract on metals (lead, cadmium and boron) induced oxidative stress in maize plant. Asian Journal of Tropical Biotechnology, 19(2):45-51.
FAO/WHO. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme codex committee on contaminants in foods. 5th Session; The Hague Netherlands; 2011. Available: ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/meetings/CCCF/cccf 5/cf05_INF.pdf
Hikon, B.N., Egah, G.O., Ngantem, G.S. and Bwede, D.D. (2018). Bioavailability and Plants Uptake of Selected Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni, As and Hg) in Akwana Mining Sites and Environs, Wukari, Taraba State. Nigeria. International Journal of Modern Chemistry, 10(2):154-171
Hosea, Z.Y., Kator, L. and Rhoda, E. (2018). Phytochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma longa (Ginger) Rhizome Extract. Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science 2(1):1-8.
http://www.tarabastate.gov.ng/about (2022) About Taraba State.
https://archive.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/materials/usedoil/web/html/oil.html (2016). Wastes - Resource Conservation - Common Wastes & Materials
https://www.iarc.org. (2012). A review of human carcinogens. Part C: Arsenic, metals, fibres, and dusts/ IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Publish by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France © International Agency for Research on Cancer;.
Ilahy, R., Tlili, I., Siddiqui, M.W., Montefusco, A., Daood, H., Azam, M., Siddiqui, M.W., R’him, T., Durante, M., Lenucci, M.S. and Helyes, L. (2022). Effect of Individual and Selected Combined Treatments with Saline Solutions and Spent Engine Oil on the Processing Attributes and Functional Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.). Fruit: In Memory of Professor Leila Ben Jaballah Radhouane (1958-2021). Front. Nutr. 9:844162
Kathuria P. and Ramachandran S.T. (2020). Lead Toxicity. www.emedicine.medscape.com /article/1174752
Koyashiki, G.A.K., Paoliello, M.M.B. and Tchounwou P.B. (2010). Lead levels in human milk and children’s health risk: A systematic review. Rev Environ Health. 25(3):243–253
Lam S.S., Russell, A.D., Lee, C.L. and Chase, H.A. (2012) Microwave-heated pyrolysis of waste automotive engine oil: Influence of operation parameters on the yield, composition, and fuel properties of pyrolysis oil. Fuel. 92(1):327-339.
Lam, S.S., Russell, A.D. and Chase, H.A. (2010) Microwave pyrolysis, a novel process for recycling waste automotive engine oil. Energy, 35(7):2985-2991.
Lipińska, A., Kucharski, J., and Wyszkowska, J. (2013). Urease activity in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 22(5):1393–1400.
Marchand, C. (2017). Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and trace elements contaminated soil, Linnaeus University Dissertation No 279/2017, ISBN: 978-91-88357-63-2.
Molina, L. and Segura, A. (2021) Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution. Plants. 10(11):2305-2334
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grant #P42 ES016465), Copyright ©2021 Oregon State University
Nikkhah Bodagh, M., Maleki, I., Hekmatdoost, A. (2019) Ginger in gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr. 7:96– 108
Oladitan T.O. and Oluwasemire K. O. (2018). Influence of weather condition on selected tomato varieties in response to season of sowing in akure, a rainforest zone of Nigeria. Art Human Open Acc J. 2(6):422-426.
Onuah, F and Abrak, I. (2015). At Least 28 Children Killed by Lead Poisoning in Nigeria. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/844746.
Orisakwe, O.E., Herbert, O.C.M., Godwin, C.A., Ukeme, W.E. and Patrick, U. (2015). Heavy Metals in Seafood and Farm Produce from Uyo, Nigeria, Levels and health implications. Sultan Qaboos University Med J. 15(2):275-282.
Pepoyan, A., Harutyunyan, N., Kushugulova, A., and Hovhannisyan, N., (2022). One Health Probiotics as Biocontrol Agents: One Health Tomato Probiotics. Plants.11:1334-1339.
Salihu Z.O., Umar MA. (2014). Heavy metal of some spices available within FCT Abuja Nigeria, Journal of Agricultural and Food Science. 2:66-74.
Schnaas L, Rothenberg SJ, Flores M, Martinez S, Hernandez C, Osorio E, Perroni E. (2006) Reduced intellectual development in children with prenatal lead exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives.114(5):791-797.
Siddiqui M.W., Lara I., Ilahy R., Tlili I., Ali A., Homa F, Prasad K., Deshi V., Lenucci, M. S., and Hidder C. (2018) Dynamic changes in health-promoting properties and eating quality during off-vine ripening of tomatoes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 17(6):1540-1560.
Tchounwou, P.B., Yedjou, C.G., Patlolla, A.K and Sutton, D.J. (2014). Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Molecular Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. 101:133-164.
Umaru, I.J., Boyi, R.H., Miyel, M.H., Kukoyi, A.J., Umaru, K.I., Umaru, H.A. and Kanati, M. (2018). Antdiabetc Potentals of Leaves Extract of Barringtonia Racemosa (L) in Alloxan-Induced Albino Rats. Am J Pharmacol Pharmacother 5(2):1-5.
Weelink, S.A.B., van Eekert, M.H.A. and Stams, A.J.M. (2010). Degradation of BTEX by anaerobic bacteria: physiology and application. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 9:359–385
Yaradua, A.I., Alhassan, A. J., Nasir, A., Bala, M., Usman, A., Idi, A., Muhammad, I. U., Yaro, S. A. and Muhammad, I. (2019). Heavy Metal Burden and Evaluation of Human Health Risks in Tomato Fruits Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria. Asian Food Science Journal 9(1):1-10.
Zhang, K.; Chai, F.; Zheng, Z.; Yang, Q.; Zhong, X.; Fomba, K.W.; Zhou, G. (2018) Size Distribution and Source of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter on the Lead and Zinc Smelting Affected Area. J. Environ. Sci. 71:188–196.
