Designing a Novel Hybrid Material: Hydroxyl Iron (III) – Bentonite, Kaolinte Composites for Enhanced Phenol Removal from Wastewater: A Comparative Study

Page Numbers: 259-273
Published: 2024-07-30
Digital Object Identifier: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3500
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  • Egah G. O Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
  • Sha’Ato R Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  • Ewenifa O. J Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
  • Itodo A. U Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

sources. This study examines Hydroxyiron (III) bentonite (HBC) and kaolin (HKC) composites for phenol removal from aqueous solutions (5–25 mg/L). The composites, produced by mixing bentonite and kaolin with Hydroxyiron (III) in a 3:1 ratio and calcined at 600°C for 1 hour, were tested at pH 2-11 and 25°C, with adsorbent dosages from 0.5 to 2.5 g in 50 mL solutions. Adsorption thermodynamics were developed for 1 hour, and kinetics experiments were performed at 25°C with a range of 10-60 minutes. Adsorption capacity increased with time, temperature, and concentration. HBC and HKC had pH values of 7.20 and 7.37, pHzpc of 10.10 and 11.00, conductivities of 1.657 and 1.763 μS/cm, bulky densities of 1.214 and 1.185 g/cm³, and attrition rates of 27.21% and 27.91%, respectively. XRF, FTIR, and SEM analyses confirmed hydroxyl group presence, indicating hydrogen bonding with phenol. The Blanchard pseudo-second order model best described HBC (R² = 0.906), and the pseudo-first order model best described HKC (R² = 0.957). Data fit the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption. Positive enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy values showed endothermic and non-spontaneous adsorption, with physisorption dominating chemisorption. Maximum adsorption efficiencies were 79.952% for HBC and 75.600% for HKC at 60 minutes, suggesting HBC is a more effective adsorbent. These results indicate that HBC and HKC can be used to remove organic pollutants from wastewater.

Keywords: Adsorption; Bentonite; Hydroxyiron (III); Kaolinite; Phenol
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O, E. G., R, S., J, E. O., & U, I. A. (2024). Designing a Novel Hybrid Material: Hydroxyl Iron (III) – Bentonite, Kaolinte Composites for Enhanced Phenol Removal from Wastewater: A Comparative Study. African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine, 1(1), 259-273. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3500

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