Designing a Novel Hybrid Material: Hydroxyl Iron (III) – Bentonite, Kaolinte Composites for Enhanced Phenol Removal from Wastewater: A Comparative Study
Article Sidebar
Page Numbers:
259-273
Digital Object Identifier:
10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3500
Viewed: 153 times
Downloaded: 161 times
LYAS Publisher cordially invites qualified professionals to serve as Editors or Reviewers. Your expertise will make an important contribution to maintaining and strengthening the academic quality of our publications. Interested applicants are kindly requested to complete the application form at the following link: Editors & Reviewers
Please feel free to contact us if you need any further information about the submission process or if you have any additional questions.
Authors:
Egah G. O1, Sha’Ato R2, Ewenifa O. J3, Itodo A. U4 
Copyright :
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
Main Article Content
Abstract
sources. This study examines Hydroxyiron (III) bentonite (HBC) and kaolin (HKC) composites for phenol removal from aqueous solutions (5–25 mg/L). The composites, produced by mixing bentonite and kaolin with Hydroxyiron (III) in a 3:1 ratio and calcined at 600°C for 1 hour, were tested at pH 2-11 and 25°C, with adsorbent dosages from 0.5 to 2.5 g in 50 mL solutions. Adsorption thermodynamics were developed for 1 hour, and kinetics experiments were performed at 25°C with a range of 10-60 minutes. Adsorption capacity increased with time, temperature, and concentration. HBC and HKC had pH values of 7.20 and 7.37, pHzpc of 10.10 and 11.00, conductivities of 1.657 and 1.763 μS/cm, bulky densities of 1.214 and 1.185 g/cm³, and attrition rates of 27.21% and 27.91%, respectively. XRF, FTIR, and SEM analyses confirmed hydroxyl group presence, indicating hydrogen bonding with phenol. The Blanchard pseudo-second order model best described HBC (R² = 0.906), and the pseudo-first order model best described HKC (R² = 0.957). Data fit the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption. Positive enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy values showed endothermic and non-spontaneous adsorption, with physisorption dominating chemisorption. Maximum adsorption efficiencies were 79.952% for HBC and 75.600% for HKC at 60 minutes, suggesting HBC is a more effective adsorbent. These results indicate that HBC and HKC can be used to remove organic pollutants from wastewater.
Downloads
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Ahmed, A. S., Tantawy, A. M., Abdallah, M. E. and Qassim, I. M. (2015). Characterization and application of kaolinite clay as solid phase extractor for removal of copper ions from environmental water samples. International Journal of Advanced Research. 3(3): 1-21.
Ahmedna, M., Marshall, W. E and Rao, R. M. (2000). Production of granular activated carbon from select agricultural by-products and eval_uation of their physical, chemical, and adsorptive properties. Bio-resource Technology. 71(2): 113-123.
Allam, K., Gourai, K. E. L., Bouari, A., Belhorma, B., & Bih L. (2018).Adsorption of Methylene Blue on raw and activated Clay: case study of Bengurir clay. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 9(6): 1750-1761 https://doi.org/10.26872/jmes.2018.9.6.195.
Bansal, R. C. & Goyal, M. (2005). Activated carbon adsorption. Journal water resource and protection, 6(9): 145-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420028812.
Bansode, R.R. (2002). “Treatment of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Municipal Wastewater by Agricultural by-product based Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)”. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. Pp96.
Bhattacharyya, K. G., & Gupta, S.S. (2011). Removal of Cu (II) by natural and acid-activated clays: an insight of adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics. Desalination, 272: 66–75.
Chen, X. (2015). Modeling of Experimental Adsorption Isotherm Data. Open access Information journal, 6:14-22. DOI:10.3390/info6010014
Egah, G. O., Hikon, B. N., Ngantem, G. S, Yerima, E. A., Omovo, M., Ogah E and Aminu, F. A. (2019). Synergistic Study of Hydroxyiron (III) and Kaolinite Composite for the Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cadmium. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry. 3(1): 30-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15
Egah, G. O., Sha‟Ato, R., Itodo, A. U. & Wuana, R. A. (2023). Sorption of tartrazine dye from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Cocos nucifera husk, International Journal of Scientific Research Updates, 06(01): 093–106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2023.6.1.0061
El-Dars, E. S. M. F., Ibrahim, M. H., Farag, B. A. H., Abdelwahhab, Z. M and Shalabi, H. E. M. (2016). Preparation, Characterization of Bentonite Carbon Composite And Design Application In Adsorption Of Bromothymol Blue Dye. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 3(1): 3758-3765.
Essomba, S. J., Ndi Nsami, J., Belibi Belibi, B. P., Tagne, M. G. and Ketcha Mbadcam, J. (2014). Adsorption of Cadmium(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Kaolinite and Metakaolinite. Journal, Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 2(1): 11 – 30
Krishna, H. R. and Swamy, S. V. V. A. (2012). Physico-Chemical Key Parameters, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and Lagergren Rate Constant Studies on the removal of divalent nickel from the aqueous solutions onto powder of calcined brick. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 4(1):29-38
Kibami, D., Pongener, C., K. S. Rao, K.S. and Sinha, D. (2014). Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench by HNO3 and H3PO4 chemical activation. Der Chemica Sinica. 5(4):46-55
Moradi, M., Dehpahlavan, A., Kalantary, R. R., Ameri, A., Farzadkia, M. and Izanloo, H. (2015). Application of modified bentonite using sulfuric acid for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions. Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal, 2(3): 99–106
Nethaji, S., Sivasamy, A. & Mandal, A. B. (2013). Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and mechanism for the adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes onto carbonaceous particles prepared from Juglans regia shell biomass, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10:231–242. DOI 10.1007/s13762-012-0112-0
Sha‟Ato, R., Egah, G.O. and Itodo, A.U. (2018). Aqueous phase abatement of phenol and cadmium using Hydroxyiron (III) calcined with bentonite. Fuw Trends in Science and Technology Journal, 3(1): 1 – 10.
Syafalni, Abdullah, R., Abustan, I. and Ibrahim, M. N.A . (2013). Wastewater treatment using bentonite, the combinations of bentonite-zeolite, bentonite-alum, and bentonite- limestone as adsorbent and coagulant. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(3):379-391
Toles, C. A., Marshall, W. E., Johns, M. M., Wartelle, L. A. and McAloon, A. (2000). Acid Activated carbons from almond shells: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties and estimated cost of production. Journal Bioresource Technology, 71:87-92.