Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capacity of Methanol Root Extract of Mangifera Indica
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10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3352
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed enhanced research work reported on plants and plant products. In this regard, plants with traditional therapeutic usage are being screened more efficiently to be considered as a substitution or as a better alternative agent for Human Pathogens. Antioxidant activity, antibacterial, antifungal properties, colour, phytochemical and FT-IR spectral analysis of flowers belonging to Hibiscus moscheutos was determined. Radical scavenging activity of sample extracts were determined based on the percent inhibition of DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Total phenolics were estimated based on the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while, vanillin–HCl and aluminum chloride methods were employed to estimate total tannins and flavonoids in the sample extracts, respectively. To determine total flavonols and anthocyanin contents, spectrophotometric method was employed. For antibacterial activities, modified agar disk diffusion method was adopted. Results: The crude extracts of hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, extracts with concentration levels at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/mL were shown to significantly affect the inhibition of bacterial selected. The presence of phytochemicals compounds possesses the high antibacterial activities of this crude extracts. This study proved that Mangifera Indica crude extracts could be useful for inhibiting the selected pathogens which has an antioxidant potential as well as a natural bacterial agent.
Keywords:
Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Methanol; Root Extract; Mangifera Indica
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Umaru, I. J., Ugbedeojo, S. J., Tansaba, A. A., Nanmar, C., Umaru, K. I., & Ugoeze, E. S. (2024). Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capacity of Methanol Root Extract of Mangifera Indica. African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, 1(1), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3352
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
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Nayan, V., Onteru, S. K. and Singh, D. (2018). Mangifera indica flower extract mediated biogenic green gold nanoparticles: Efficient nanocatalyst for reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 37(1), 283-294.
Ma, X., Wu, H., Liu, L., Yao, Q., Wang, S., Zhan, R. and Zhou, Y. (2011). Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in mango fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(1), 102-107.
Rocha Ribeiro, S. M., Queiroz, J. H., Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz, M. E., Campos, F. M. and Pinheiro Sant’Ana, H. M. (2007). Antioxidant in mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp. Plant foods for human nutrition, 62, 13-17.
Martin and He, 2009
Chen, F., Tholl, D., Bohlmann, J. and Pichersky, E. (2011). The family of terpene synthases in plants: a mid‐size family of genes for specialized metabolism that is highly diversified throughout the kingdom. The Plant Journal, 66(1), 212-229.
Lalel, H. J., Singh, Z. and Tan, S. C. (2003). Aroma volatiles production during fruit ripening of ‘Kensington Pride’ mango. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 27(3), 323-336.
Ruiz-Montañez, G., Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. A., Calderón-Santoyo, M., Velazquez-De La Cruz, G., De León, J. R. and Navarro-Ocaña, A. (2014). eval__uation of extraction methods for preparative scale obtention of mangiferin and lupeol from mango peels (Mangifera indica L.). Food chemistry, 159, 267-272.
Engels, C., Knodler, M., Zhao, Y. Y., Carle, R., Gänzle, M. G. and Schieber, A. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of gallotannins isolated from mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernels. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57(17), 7712-7718.
Ornelas-Paz, J. D. J., Yahia, E. M. and Gardea-Bejar, A. (2007). Identification and quantification of xanthophyll esters, carotenes, and tocopherols in the fruit of seven mexican mango cultivars by liquid chromatography− atmospheric pressure chemical ionization− time-of-flight mass spectrometry [LC-(APcI+)-MS]. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 55(16), 6628-6635.
Ediriweera, M. K., Tennekoon, K. H., Samarakoon, S. R., Adhikari, A., Thabrew, I. and De Silva, E. D. (2017). Isolation of a new resorcinolic lipid from Mangifera zeylanica Hook. f. bark and its cytotoxic and apoptotic potential. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 89, 194-200.
Ediriweera, M. K., Tennekoon, K. H., Adhikari, A., Samarakoon, S. R., Thabrew, I. and De Silva, E. D. (2016). New halogenated constituents from Mangifera zeylanica Hook. f. and their potential anti-cancer effects in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 189, 165-174.
Jyotshna, Khare, P. and Shanker, K. (2016). Mangiferin: A review of sources and interventions for biological activities. BioFactors, 42(5), 504-514.
Harwood, M., Danielewska-Nikiel, B., Borzelleca, J. F., Flamm, G. W., Williams, G. M. and Lines, T. C. (2007). A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food and chemical toxicology, 45(11), 2179-2205.
Calderon-Montano, J., Burgos-Morón, E., Pérez-Guerrero, C. and López-Lázaro, M. (2011). A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 11(4), 298-344.
Ribeiro, S. M. R., Barbosa, L. C. A., Queiroz, J. H., Knödler, M. and Schieber, A. (2008). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties. Food chemistry, 110(3), 620-626.
Kabir, Y., Shekhar, H. U. and Sidhu, J. Processing Technology and Nutrition.
Ribeiro, S. M. R. and Schieber, A. (2010). Bioactive compounds in mango (Mangifera indica L.). In Bioactive foods in promoting health (pp. 507-523). Academic Press
Rai, S., Basak, S., Mukherjee, K., Saha, B. P. and Mukherjee, P. K. (2007). Oriental medicine mangifera indica. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 7(1), 1-10.
Singh, R., Singh, S. K., Maharia, R. S. and Garg, A. N. (2015). Identification of new phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activity in stem bark of Mangifera indica (L.). Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 105, 150-155.
Kalita, P. (2014). An overview on Mangifera indica: importance and its various pharmacological action. PharmaTutor, 2(12), 72–76.
Shah, K., Patel, M., Patel, R. and Parmar, P. (2010). Mangifera indica (mango). Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4(7), 42–48.
Omotayo, M. A., Ogundare, O. C., Oluwafunmilayo, A., and Longe, S. A. (2015). Hepatoprotective effect of Mangifera-indica stem bark extracts on paracetamol-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. European Scientific Journal, 11(24).
Chidozie, V. N., Adoga, G. I., Chukwu, O. C., Chukwu, I. D. and Adekeye, A. M. (2014). Antibacterial and toxicological effects of the aqueous extract of Mangifera indica stem bark on albino rats. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences, 3(3), 237-245.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M. and Turk, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard single disc method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45: 493-496
Nakamura C.V., Nakamura T.V. and Bando E. (1999). Antibacterial activity of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 94, 675-678.
Rodríguez-García, C. M., Ruiz-Ruiz, J. C., Peraza-Echeverría, L., Peraza-Sánchez, S. R., Torres-Tapia, L. W., Pérez-Brito, D. and Ortiz-Vázquez, E. (2019). Antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic, and antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from twelve native plants of the Yucatan coast. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213493.
Benzie, I. F. and Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76
Umaru, I. J., Badruddin, F. A., and Umaru, H. A. (2018). Gastroprotective Effect of Leptadeniahastata (Pers.) Decne and Histopathological Changes on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci, 6(5): 20-27.
Umaru, I. J., Yakubu, O. E., Ahmed, M. U., Ezekiel, I., Umaru, K. I., Abu, M. S., and Abah, M. (2022). GC-MS, radicals scavenging capacity and antidiabetic effect of senna alata seed extract in type ii-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 16(2): 49-58.
Shahidi, F., Naczk, M., 2004. Phenolics in Food and Nutraceuticals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1–576.
Cai, Y.Z., Sun, M., Xing, J., Luo, Q., Corke, H., 2006. Structure- radical scavenging activity relationships of phenolic compounds from traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Life Science, 78: 2872-2888.
Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., 1997. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. In: Rice-Evans, C.A., Packer, L. (Eds.), Flavonoids in Health and Disease. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Naz, S., Siddiqi, R., Ahmad, S., Rasool, S.A., Sayeed, S.A., 2007. Antibacterial activity directed isolation of compounds from Punica granatum. Journal of Food Science, 72: 341-345.
Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M., Corke, H., 2004. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sciences, 74: 2157–2184.
Gouveia, S., Gonc¸alves, J., Castilho, P.C., 2013. Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from flowers of Andryala glandulosa ssp. varia (Lowe ex DC.) R.Fern. an endemic species of Macaronesia region. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 573–582.
Yang, D.J., Chang, Y.Z., Chen, Y.C., Liu, S.C., Hsu, C.H., Lin, J.T. (2012). Antioxidant effect and active components of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50: 3056- 3061.
Wijekoon, M.M.J.O., Bhat, R., Karim, A.A., 2011. Effect of extraction solvents on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of bungakantan (Etlingera elatior Jack.) in florescence. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24: 615–619.
Berardini, N., Fezer, R., Conrad, J., Beifuss, U., Carle, R. and Schieber, A. (2005). Screening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for their contents of flavonol O-and xanthone C-glycosides, anthocyanins, and pectin. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(5), 1563-1570.
Nayan, V., Onteru, S. K. and Singh, D. (2018). Mangifera indica flower extract mediated biogenic green gold nanoparticles: Efficient nanocatalyst for reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 37(1), 283-294.
Ma, X., Wu, H., Liu, L., Yao, Q., Wang, S., Zhan, R. and Zhou, Y. (2011). Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in mango fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(1), 102-107.
Rocha Ribeiro, S. M., Queiroz, J. H., Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz, M. E., Campos, F. M. and Pinheiro Sant’Ana, H. M. (2007). Antioxidant in mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp. Plant foods for human nutrition, 62, 13-17.
Martin and He, 2009
Chen, F., Tholl, D., Bohlmann, J. and Pichersky, E. (2011). The family of terpene synthases in plants: a mid‐size family of genes for specialized metabolism that is highly diversified throughout the kingdom. The Plant Journal, 66(1), 212-229.
Lalel, H. J., Singh, Z. and Tan, S. C. (2003). Aroma volatiles production during fruit ripening of ‘Kensington Pride’ mango. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 27(3), 323-336.
Ruiz-Montañez, G., Ragazzo-Sánchez, J. A., Calderón-Santoyo, M., Velazquez-De La Cruz, G., De León, J. R. and Navarro-Ocaña, A. (2014). eval__uation of extraction methods for preparative scale obtention of mangiferin and lupeol from mango peels (Mangifera indica L.). Food chemistry, 159, 267-272.
Engels, C., Knodler, M., Zhao, Y. Y., Carle, R., Gänzle, M. G. and Schieber, A. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of gallotannins isolated from mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernels. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57(17), 7712-7718.
Ornelas-Paz, J. D. J., Yahia, E. M. and Gardea-Bejar, A. (2007). Identification and quantification of xanthophyll esters, carotenes, and tocopherols in the fruit of seven mexican mango cultivars by liquid chromatography− atmospheric pressure chemical ionization− time-of-flight mass spectrometry [LC-(APcI+)-MS]. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 55(16), 6628-6635.
Ediriweera, M. K., Tennekoon, K. H., Samarakoon, S. R., Adhikari, A., Thabrew, I. and De Silva, E. D. (2017). Isolation of a new resorcinolic lipid from Mangifera zeylanica Hook. f. bark and its cytotoxic and apoptotic potential. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 89, 194-200.
Ediriweera, M. K., Tennekoon, K. H., Adhikari, A., Samarakoon, S. R., Thabrew, I. and De Silva, E. D. (2016). New halogenated constituents from Mangifera zeylanica Hook. f. and their potential anti-cancer effects in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 189, 165-174.
Jyotshna, Khare, P. and Shanker, K. (2016). Mangiferin: A review of sources and interventions for biological activities. BioFactors, 42(5), 504-514.
Harwood, M., Danielewska-Nikiel, B., Borzelleca, J. F., Flamm, G. W., Williams, G. M. and Lines, T. C. (2007). A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food and chemical toxicology, 45(11), 2179-2205.
Calderon-Montano, J., Burgos-Morón, E., Pérez-Guerrero, C. and López-Lázaro, M. (2011). A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 11(4), 298-344.
Ribeiro, S. M. R., Barbosa, L. C. A., Queiroz, J. H., Knödler, M. and Schieber, A. (2008). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties. Food chemistry, 110(3), 620-626.
Kabir, Y., Shekhar, H. U. and Sidhu, J. Processing Technology and Nutrition.
Ribeiro, S. M. R. and Schieber, A. (2010). Bioactive compounds in mango (Mangifera indica L.). In Bioactive foods in promoting health (pp. 507-523). Academic Press
Rai, S., Basak, S., Mukherjee, K., Saha, B. P. and Mukherjee, P. K. (2007). Oriental medicine mangifera indica. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 7(1), 1-10.
Singh, R., Singh, S. K., Maharia, R. S. and Garg, A. N. (2015). Identification of new phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activity in stem bark of Mangifera indica (L.). Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 105, 150-155.
Kalita, P. (2014). An overview on Mangifera indica: importance and its various pharmacological action. PharmaTutor, 2(12), 72–76.
Shah, K., Patel, M., Patel, R. and Parmar, P. (2010). Mangifera indica (mango). Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4(7), 42–48.
Omotayo, M. A., Ogundare, O. C., Oluwafunmilayo, A., and Longe, S. A. (2015). Hepatoprotective effect of Mangifera-indica stem bark extracts on paracetamol-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. European Scientific Journal, 11(24).
Chidozie, V. N., Adoga, G. I., Chukwu, O. C., Chukwu, I. D. and Adekeye, A. M. (2014). Antibacterial and toxicological effects of the aqueous extract of Mangifera indica stem bark on albino rats. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences, 3(3), 237-245.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M. and Turk, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard single disc method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45: 493-496
Nakamura C.V., Nakamura T.V. and Bando E. (1999). Antibacterial activity of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 94, 675-678.
Rodríguez-García, C. M., Ruiz-Ruiz, J. C., Peraza-Echeverría, L., Peraza-Sánchez, S. R., Torres-Tapia, L. W., Pérez-Brito, D. and Ortiz-Vázquez, E. (2019). Antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic, and antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from twelve native plants of the Yucatan coast. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213493.
Benzie, I. F. and Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76
Umaru, I. J., Badruddin, F. A., and Umaru, H. A. (2018). Gastroprotective Effect of Leptadeniahastata (Pers.) Decne and Histopathological Changes on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci, 6(5): 20-27.
Umaru, I. J., Yakubu, O. E., Ahmed, M. U., Ezekiel, I., Umaru, K. I., Abu, M. S., and Abah, M. (2022). GC-MS, radicals scavenging capacity and antidiabetic effect of senna alata seed extract in type ii-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 16(2): 49-58.
Shahidi, F., Naczk, M., 2004. Phenolics in Food and Nutraceuticals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1–576.
Cai, Y.Z., Sun, M., Xing, J., Luo, Q., Corke, H., 2006. Structure- radical scavenging activity relationships of phenolic compounds from traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Life Science, 78: 2872-2888.
Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., 1997. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. In: Rice-Evans, C.A., Packer, L. (Eds.), Flavonoids in Health and Disease. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Naz, S., Siddiqi, R., Ahmad, S., Rasool, S.A., Sayeed, S.A., 2007. Antibacterial activity directed isolation of compounds from Punica granatum. Journal of Food Science, 72: 341-345.
Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M., Corke, H., 2004. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sciences, 74: 2157–2184.
Gouveia, S., Gonc¸alves, J., Castilho, P.C., 2013. Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from flowers of Andryala glandulosa ssp. varia (Lowe ex DC.) R.Fern. an endemic species of Macaronesia region. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 573–582.
Yang, D.J., Chang, Y.Z., Chen, Y.C., Liu, S.C., Hsu, C.H., Lin, J.T. (2012). Antioxidant effect and active components of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50: 3056- 3061.
Wijekoon, M.M.J.O., Bhat, R., Karim, A.A., 2011. Effect of extraction solvents on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of bungakantan (Etlingera elatior Jack.) in florescence. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24: 615–619.
