Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits of Acacia nilotica and Flowers of Calotropis procera on Liver Function of Aspirin-Induced Male Albino Rats
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you would like to obtain more information about the submission process or if you have further questions.
Abstract
This study examined the effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera on the liver function of male albino rats. Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers are commonly consumed by natives in northern Nigeria for therapeutic purposes. Eighty-four (84) healthy male albino rats were used for this study. The animals were randomly distributed into six groups of ten animals each, while 24 rats were used for lethal dose (LD50) analysis. The animals were administered ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera for 5 and 14 days respectively after induction with aspirin. The study was carried out in two phases: The animals were induced with 500 mg/kg body weight of aspirin 12 hours before the commencement of the experiment, the test animals were administered ethanolic extract of fruit of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera for 5 and 14 days and sacrificed at the end of each test phase respectively, blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The liver was harvested at the end of each phase, processed for histological investigation and photomicrographs taken. The result of liver function parameters showed that the mean values of alanine transaminase (ALT) after five-day of treatment decreased non-significantly (p>0.05) in groups 4, 5 and 6 and decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 4 when compared to normal control. Also, ALT increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 2. There was a general decreasing trend in the mean values of aspartate transaminase (AST) across all groups except group 2. The mean values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all groups, but increased non-significantly in group 2. The same trend was observed in the values of ALT, AST, and ALP after 14 days of treatment. Photomicrograph of the liver section of normal rats showed normal central vein, sinusoids and hepatocytes as well as that of the treated animals. Photomicrograph of liver section of rat administered aspirin only showed slightly dilated portal triad after five days. The study suggests that the ethanolic extracts from fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera may have active ingredients that are capable of improving some liver functions.
Citation Metrics:
Downloads
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
Sibanda, T. and Okoh, A. (2007). The Challenges of Coning Antibiotic Resistance: Plant Extracts as Potential Sources of Antimicrobial and Resistance Modifying Agents. African Journals Online, 6(25): 2887-2896.
Yigezu, Y., Haile, D. B. and Ayen, W. Y. (2014). Ethnoveterinary Medicines in Four Districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Survey for Plant Species and Mode of Use. BMC Veterinary Research, 10(1): 1-12.
Ojukwu, M. P. T., Mbachu, I. L., Hunsu, V., and Chikwem, J. O. (2018). eval_uation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Carica Papaya Leaves and Seeds. Physiological Reviews, 75(1): 54-61.
Amadou, I., Soulé, M. and Salé, A. (2020). An Overview on the Importance of Acacia nilotica (L.) willd. ex del.: A Review. Asian Journal Residence, 5: 12-18.
Brijendra, S., Meena A. K., Uttam-Niranjan, A. K., Yadav, A. K., Nagaria, K. A., Gaurav, V. G. and Singh R. (2010). A Review on Acacia nilotica Linn. and It’s Ethnobotany, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile. Research Journal of Science and Technology, 2(4): 67-71
Manzo, L. M., Moussa, I. and Ikhiri, K. (2017). Phytochemical Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants used against Diarrhea in Niger, West Africa. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 5(4): 32-38.
Raoufou, R., Kouami, K. and Koffi, A. (2011). Woody Plant Species Used in Urban Forestry in West Africa: Case Study in Lomé, Capital Town of Togo. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 3: 21–31.
Rather, L. J., Shahid, I. and Mohammad, F. (2015). Acacia nilotica (L.): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2: 12-30.
Kriticos, D. J., Sutherst, R. W., Brown, J. R., Adkins, S. W. and Maywald, G. F. (2003). Climate change and the Potential Distribution of an Invasive Alien Plant: Acacia nilotica ssp. indica in Australia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40(1): 111-124.
Muhammad, Z. I., Imo, C. and Arowora, K. A. (2023). Phytochemical Constituents of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits of Acacia nilotica and Flowers of Calotropis procera. International Journal of PharmaO2, 5(1): 8-13.
Ahmed, K. K., Rana, A. C. and Dixit, V. K. (2005). Calotropis Species (Ascelpediaceae): A Comprehensive Review. Pharmacology Magazine, 1: 48-52.
Verma, R., Satsangi, G. P. and Shrivastava, J. N. (2010). Ethno-medicinal Profile of Different Plant Parts of Calotropis procera (Ait.). Research of British Ethnobotanical Leaflet, 14: 721-742.
Gaurav, P. and Neelam, B. (2016). Calotropis procera: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review. Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 40(3): 115-131
Lorke, D. (1983). Determination of Acute Toxicity. Architecture and Toxicology, 53: 275.
Lawaly, M., Idrissa, M., Khalid, I. and Liu, Y. (2019). Toxicity Studies of Acacia nilotica: A Review of the Published Scientific Literature. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 8(3): 1-10.
Gabi, B., Hauwa, B., Hauwa, U. and Isyaku, U. (2022). Toxicity Study and Effect of the Leaf Extract of Acacia nilotica on some Biochemical Parameters of Wister Albino Rats. Science World Journal, 17(3): 390-397.
Amarpreet, K., Daizy, R., Shalinder K. and Bhagirath, C. (2021). An Overview of the Characteristics and Potential of Calotropis procera from Botanical, Ecological and Economic Perspectives. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 690806.
Gaetan, D., Noufou, O., Gueswende, G., Sylvain, I., Moussa, O., Salfo, O., Lamein, S., Bondo, F., Pierre, I. and Sylvin, O. (2022). Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Study of the Mixture of Calotropis procera and Zanthozylum zanthozyloides Roots Bark powder. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 16(1): 184-200.
Bukar, U. (2012). Some Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Features Following Prolonged Administration of Aqueous Pod Extract of Acacia nilotica in Albino Rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(8): 1422-1428.
Uhegbu, F., Imo, C. and Ugbogu, A. (2015). Effect of Aqueous Extract of Piper guineense Seeds on some Liver Enzymes Antioxidant Enzymes and some Histological Parameters in Albino Rats. International Journal of Plant Science and Ecology, 1: 167-171.