Challenges and Opportunities in Repurposing Natural Products for the Treatment of Neglected Trophical Diseases: A Review of Scaffold Optimization Strategies
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Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are serious health issues that affect the entire world, especially in low-income tropical and subtropical areas, yet they do not get enough facilities. Natural items have great potential for treating NTD because of their varied chemical scaffolds. Nevertheless, there are a number of difficulties in optimizing these scaffolds for drug development. Attempts at synthesis and modification are complicated by the structural complexity of natural compounds. Economic and regulatory hurdles also obstruct advancement. Despite these difficulties, there are plenty of chances. Natural products are a significant source of structural variety that makes them ideal for drug discovery. developments in biotechnology and synthetic biology. Sustainable production is improved via biotechnology. Targeted optimization is made easier by advances in computer power and molecular understanding. Research collaborations can expedite the process of discovery and development. Finding efficient scaffolds can be done quickly by looking for NTD activity in already-existing natural product libraries. By tackling these issues scientifically and cooperatively, we can develop novel, practical, and affordable treatments for non-traumatic disabilities (NTDs), which will eventually improve the health of impacted communities.
Keywords:
Neglected Trophical Disease (NTDs); Natural Product; Challenges; Optimization
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Abubakar, M. Y., Mathew, T. S., Shamsuddeen, R., Abdullahi, S., Bilyamin, A., & Chinedu, E. K. (2024). Challenges and Opportunities in Repurposing Natural Products for the Treatment of Neglected Trophical Diseases: A Review of Scaffold Optimization Strategies. African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine, 1(1), 428-439. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3725
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
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Butler, M. S. (2004). The role of natural product chemistry in drug discovery. Journal of Natural Products, 67(12), 2141-2153.
Paterson, I., & Anderson, E. A. (2005). The renaissance of natural products as drug candidates. Science, 310(5747), 451-453.
Harvey, A. L., Edrada-Ebel, R., & Quinn, R. J. (2015). The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 14(2), 111-129.
Schneider, G., & Fechner, U. (2005). Computer-based de novo design of drug-like molecules. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 4(8), 649-663.
Koehn, F. E., & Carter, G. T. (2005). The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 4(3), 206-220.
Bajorath, J. (2002). Integration of virtual and high-throughput screening. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 1(11), 882-894.
Harvey, A. L., Edrada-Ebel, R., & Quinn, R. J. (2015). The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 14(2), 111-129.
Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2012). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Journal of Natural Products, 75(3), 311-335.
Koehn, F. E., & Carter, G. T. (2005). The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 4(3), 206-220.
Li, J. W.-H., & Vederas, J. C. (2009). Drug discovery and natural products: End of an era or an endless frontier? Science, 325(5937), 161-165.
Kingston, D. G. I. (2011). Modern natural products drug discovery and its relevance to biodiversity conservation. Journal of Natural Products, 74(3), 496-511.
Bajorath, J. (2002). Integration of virtual and high-throughput screening. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 1(11), 882-894.
Schneider, G., & Fechner, U. (2005). Computer-based de novo design of drug-like molecules. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 4(8), 649-663.
Cragg, G. M., & Newman, D. J. (2013). Natural products: A continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 1830(6), 3670-3695.
Paterson, I., & Anderson, E. A. (2005). The renaissance of natural products as drug candidates. Science, 310(5747), 451-453.
Kingston, D. G. I. (2011). Modern natural products drug discovery and its relevance to biodiversity conservation. Journal of Natural Products, 74(3), 496-511.
Paddon, C. J., & Keasling, J. D. (2014). Semi-synthetic artemisinin: A model for the use of synthetic biology in pharmaceutical development. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12(5), 355-367.
Herrero, M., Cifuentes, A., & Ibáñez, E. (2010). Sub- and supercritical fluid extraction of functional ingredients from different natural sources: Plants, food-by-products, algae and microalgae: A review. Food Chemistry, 124(3), 1148-1158.
Ley, S. V., Fitzpatrick, D. E., Ingham, R. J., & Myers, R. M. (2005). Organic synthesis: March of the machines. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54(11), 3449-3464.
Verpoorte, R., Choi, Y. H., & Kim, H. K. (2005). Ethnopharmacology and systems biology: A perfect holistic match. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100(1-2), 53-56.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2007). Good manufacturing practices for pharmaceutical products: Main principles. In WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Geneva: WHO Press.
Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A., & Brinckmann, J. (2000). Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications.
Hostettmann, K., Marston, A., Ndjoko, K., & Wolfender, J. L. (1998). The potential of African plants as a source of drugs. Current Organic Chemistry, 2(2), 103-110.
European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2011). Guideline on quality of herbal medicinal products/traditional herbal medicinal products. EMA/HMPC/458676/2011.
Anand, P., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Newman, R. A., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2007). Bioavailability of curcumin: Problems and promises. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 4(6), 807-818.
Yared, J. A., & Tkaczuk, K. H. (2012). Update on taxane development: New analogs and new formulations. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 6, 371-384.
Li, Q., & Hickman, M. (2011). Toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic study of artemisinin and its derivatives. Journal of Toxicology, 2011, 1-9.
Bauer, L. A. (2013). Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics. McGraw-Hill Education.
Jordan, M. A., & Wilson, L. (2004). Microtubules as a target for anticancer drugs. Nature Reviews Cancer, 4(4), 253-265.
Cao, Z., Li, C., & Higginbotham, J. N. (2003). Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol’s actions: Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and suppression of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. European Journal of Pharmacology, 456(1-3), 139-146.
Smith, T. W., & Koren, G. (1990). The pharmacokinetics of digoxin in children. Pediatric Cardiology, 11(1), 5-8.
Izzo, A. A. (2004). Drug interactions with St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): A review of the clinical evidence. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 42(3), 139-148.
Van Norman, G. A. (2016). Drugs, devices, and the FDA: Part 1: An overview of approval processes for drugs. JACC: Basic to Translational Science, 1(3), 170-179.
Sherkow, J. S. (2017). The aftermath of Myriad: The importance of patents and trade secrets in genetic diagnostics. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 4(2), 365-384.
Morgera, E., Tsioumani, E., & Buck, M. (2014). Unraveling the Nagoya Protocol: A Commentary on the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Brill.
Pooley, J. (2016). Trade Secrets. Law Journal Press.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2007). Good manufacturing practices for pharmaceutical products: Main principles. In WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Geneva: WHO Press.
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). (2016). ICH Harmonised Guideline: Integrated Addendum to ICH E6(R1): Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6(R2).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2017). New Drug Application (NDA). Retrieved from FDA website.
European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2011). Guideline on quality of herbal medicinal products/traditional herbal medicinal products. EMA/HMPC/458676/2011.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (1994). Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2018). FDA Regulation of Drugs versus Dietary Supplements
