Assessment of Five Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Catfish-Clarias gariepinus from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Water is also a vital resource for agriculture, manufacturing and other human activities. In urban areas, the careless disposal of industrial effluents and other wastes into rivers may contribute greatly to the poor quality of river water. This research is to assess the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Catfish-Clarias gariepinus and the sediment from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba state, Nigeria. The level of heavy metals in water, sediment and catfish from the study area were assess and the estimate contamination factor and pollution load index in the sediment of the study area was also access and compared with the WHO results and other relevant standards. The results shows that the concentration of heavy metal in fish was within the WHO permissible limits. Also the concentration of Pb, Zn and Ni in catfish were significantly (P≤0.05) higher compared to the metals but they were within the WHO permissible limits except for Cd. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment were within the acceptable WHO and USEPA limits, except for Cd, and Mn. PLI values for sediment from all the sites were less than one, implying that the sediment was unpolluted. The persistence of heavy metals in water, fish and sediment samples from the studied areas over time might lead to potential health risk on both humans and aquatic lives via food ingestion. Changes in water and sediment chemistry might be responsible for the variations in the chemical properties of sediment, water and fish.
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Johnson, G., Johnson, G., Atoshi, A. M., Yakubu, J., & Audu, S. I. (2024). Assessment of Five Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Catfish-Clarias gariepinus from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba State, Nigeria. African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 33-50. https://doi.org/10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3368
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
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[29] Johnson, A.R, Munoz, A., Gottieb, J.L & Jarrard, D. F. (2007). High does zinc increase Hospital admissions due to genitourinary complications. The Journal of Urology, 177(1): 639-543.
[30] Babalola, F. & Tukura, B.W. (2007). Determination of heavy metals in Water, Fish and Soil samples from Antau River, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Chemistry Research Journal 3(2): 243-253.
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[32] Ambedkar, G. & Muniyan, M. (2012) Analysis of heavy metals in water, sediments and fresh water fish collected from Gadilam river, Tamlnadu, India. International Journal of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2 (2): 25-30.
[33] Ejike, L.O. & Liman, M. G. (2017). Determination of Heavy metal in selected fish species found in Kwalkwalawa River, Dundaye, Sokoto state. Journal of Applied chemistry 10 (11): 38-42.
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[35] Iwegbue, C. M. (2010). Composition and daily intakes of some trace metals from Canned Beers in Nigeria. Journal of Institute of Brewing and Distilling, 116 (3), 312-315.
[36] Nussey, G., VanVauren, J. H. J. & Dupreez, H. H. (2002). Bioaccumulation of Cr, Mn, Ni & Pb in tissues of the Moggel, Labeo unbratus (cyprinidea) from Witbank Dan, Mpumalange. Water SA. 26(2): 269-284.
[37] Umar, M. A. & Ebong, M. C. (2013). Determination of heavy metals in soil, water, sediment, fish and Cray fish of jabi Late in the Federal Capital Territory, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2 (1):5-9.
[38] Oyekunle, J. A., Ogunfufowokan, A. O. Akinni, M. S. & Torto, N. (2011). Seasonal mean levels of heavy metals in water and associated sediments from Ajawere in Oke-Osun farm settlement, Osogbo, Nigeria. Journal of environmental Science and Technology, 3 (5): 115-122.
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[40] WBCSD. (2012). Water Facts & Trends". Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
[2] Mikyitsabu A. A., & Oluwadolapo, J. A. (2023): Effect of HNO3 activated carbon on the decreasing basicity for cadmium ion sorption. International Journal of Frontiers in Chemistry and Pharmacy Research, 2023, 03(01), 026–031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfcpr.2023.3.1.0048
[3] Dass PM, Hitler L, Atoshi MA, Udochukwu AO., (2017): Sorption of Pb2+, Co2+ and Cr2+ Using Cissus populnea Stem Bark Powder as Bio-Sorbent. J Environ Anal Chem 4: 223. doi:10.4172/2380 2391.1000223
[4] Ago, M. A., & Garindo, B. (2023). eval__uation of lead Ion sorption by Nitric and potassium hydroxide activated cissus populnea stem carbon. FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal. 8(2). 180 – 183
[5] Mikyitsabu, A. A., Alheri, A., Martha, J., & Akowe, V. (2021). Assessment of alkalinity on the adsorption of cadmium ion using KOH-activated carbon from Sesame stem. International Journal of Frontiers in Chemistry and Pharmacy Research, 2021, 01(01), 024–028
[6] Chindah, A. C., Braide, A. S. & Sibeuda, O. C. (2014). Distribution of hydro-carbons and heavy metals in sediment and a crustacean [shrimps–notialis] from the bonney/new calabar river estuary, Niger Delta; Ajeam–Ragee, 9(1): 1-14.
[7] Degraeve, N. (2010). Carcinogenic taratogenic and mutagenic effects of cadmium. Mutation Research 8(6):115–135.
[8] Groten, J. P. & Vanbladeren, P. (2004). Cadmium bioavailability and health risk in food. Trends in Food Science and Technology (2):50–55.
[9] Awode, U. A., Uazairu, A., Balarabe, M. L., Harrison, G. F. & Okunola, O.J. (2008). Assessment of pepper and soils for some heavy metals from Irrigated farmlands on the bank of river Challawa, Northern Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7 (2): 244-248.
[10] Marshal, M., Haralambous, K. J & Sakellarides P. O. (2003). Environmental study of the marinas Part II. A study on the removal of metals from the Marianas sediment. Environ. Tech . 3(1): 245-252.
[11] World Health Organisation (WHO). (2008). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality; 3rd Edition pp.1-459.
[12] Ozman A., Wuertz, S., Mekkawy, I., Exner, H. & Kirschbaum, F. (2018). Lead induced malformations in embryos of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. Environmental Toxicology, 22(4): 375–389.
[13] Gobas, F. A. P. C., Wolf, D., Burkhard, W., Verbruggen, L. P., & Plotzke, K. (2009).Revisiting bioaccumulation criteria for POPs and PBT assessments. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 5(1): 624–637.
[14] Wang, X., Sato, T., Xing, B. & Tao, S. (2005). Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish. Science of the Environment, 350(1-3): 28-37.
[15] Eze, O.C., Tukura, B. W., Atolaiye, B. O & Opaluwa, O. D. (2018). Pollution assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment from Mpape River in FCT, Abuja. Nigeria. Chemistry Research Journal, 3(2): 66-77.
[16] Harris, C. C., Driver, B. & Mclaughlin, W. J. (2009). Improving the contingent valuation method։A psychological perspective. Journal of Environmental Economics Management, 17(3): 213-229.
[17] Patrick, J. A., & Tukura, B. W. (2017). Levels and ditributions of heavy metals in water and sediments from River Amba, Lafia Nassarawa state. Environmental Toxicology, 22(4): 375–389.
[18] Adedosun, H. O., Adewuyi, G. O & Adie G. U. (2013). Assessment of heavy metals in soil, Leeches and underground water samples collected from the vicinity of Olusosun, landfill in Ojota, Lagos, Nigeria. Transitional Journal of Science and Technology, 39 (6): 1857-8047.
[19] Gupta, A., Rai, D.K., Pandey, R.S., & Sharma, B. (2009). Analysis of some heavy metals in the Riverine water, sediments and fish from river Ganges at Allahabad. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 15(7): 449-458.
[20] WHO. (2011). Malathion in drinking water. Background Document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking water Quality. World Health Organization (WHO/SDE/ WSH/03.04/103).
[21] Li, X., Liu, L., Wang, Y., Luo., G., & Chen, X. (2014), Integrated assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments from a coastal Industrial Basin, NE China. PLoS ONE, 7(1): 1-10.
[22] Farooq, A. & Ishretullah, S. (2000). Determination of heavy metals in vegetable and soils at sewage farm in Sindh industrial Trading Estate, Karachi. Journal of Chemistry and Soc. Pakistan, 23(1): 454-462.
[23] Liu, W. H., Zhao, J. Z., Ouyang, Z. Y., Soderlund, I. & Liu, G. H. (2015). Impacts of Sewage irrigated on heavy metals distribution and contamination in Beijing, China, Environmental pollution 31 (6), 05- 12.
[24] Maceda-Veiga, A., Monroy, H. & De Sostoa, A. (2012). Metal bioaccumulation in the Mediterranean barbell (Barbus meridionalis) in a Mediterranean River receiving effluents from urban and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Ecotoxicity Environmental safety, 76 (1): 93-101.
[25] Adeniyi, A. A., Owoade, O. J., Shotonwa, I. O., Okedeyi, O. O., Ajibade, A. A., Sallu, A. R., Olawore, M. A. & Ope, K. A. (2011). Monitoring metals pollution using water and sediments collected from Ebute Ogbo River catchments, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 5 (8): 219-223.
[26] Awofolu, O. R., Mbolekwa, Z., Mtshsemla, V. & Fatoki, O. S. (2005). Levels of trace metals in water and sediment from Tyume River and its Effects on an Irrigated Farmland 87-94. Water Assessment, 31(1): 27-34.
[27] Ruqia, N., Muslim, M. M., Hameed, U. R., Naveed, U. R., Surrya, S., Nosheen, A., Muhammad, S., Mohid, U., Muhammad, R. & Zeenat, S. (2015). Accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Fe) in the soils, water and plants and Analysis of Physico-chemical Parameters of Soils, and Water collected from Tande Dam, Kohat, Pakistan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 7(93): 89- 97.
[28] Adeola, A A., Moses, O, N., Modupe, O, A., Kelechi, L. N. & Anuoluwapo, O, J. (2016). Assessment of physiochemical characteristics of water from Ajawere River in Oke-Osun farm settlement in Osogbo, Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environmental protection. 4(1): 16-27.
[29] Johnson, A.R, Munoz, A., Gottieb, J.L & Jarrard, D. F. (2007). High does zinc increase Hospital admissions due to genitourinary complications. The Journal of Urology, 177(1): 639-543.
[30] Babalola, F. & Tukura, B.W. (2007). Determination of heavy metals in Water, Fish and Soil samples from Antau River, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Chemistry Research Journal 3(2): 243-253.
[31] Abui, Y. M., Ezra, V., Bonet, R. A. & Amos B. (2017). Assessment of Heavy Metals level of River Kaduna, at Kaduna metropolis Nig. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 21(1): 347-352.
[32] Ambedkar, G. & Muniyan, M. (2012) Analysis of heavy metals in water, sediments and fresh water fish collected from Gadilam river, Tamlnadu, India. International Journal of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2 (2): 25-30.
[33] Ejike, L.O. & Liman, M. G. (2017). Determination of Heavy metal in selected fish species found in Kwalkwalawa River, Dundaye, Sokoto state. Journal of Applied chemistry 10 (11): 38-42.
[34] Zhang, M. K., Liu, Z. Y. & Wang, H. (2010). Use of single extraction methods to predict bioavailability of heavy metals in polluted soils to rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 41(7): 820–831
[35] Iwegbue, C. M. (2010). Composition and daily intakes of some trace metals from Canned Beers in Nigeria. Journal of Institute of Brewing and Distilling, 116 (3), 312-315.
[36] Nussey, G., VanVauren, J. H. J. & Dupreez, H. H. (2002). Bioaccumulation of Cr, Mn, Ni & Pb in tissues of the Moggel, Labeo unbratus (cyprinidea) from Witbank Dan, Mpumalange. Water SA. 26(2): 269-284.
[37] Umar, M. A. & Ebong, M. C. (2013). Determination of heavy metals in soil, water, sediment, fish and Cray fish of jabi Late in the Federal Capital Territory, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2 (1):5-9.
[38] Oyekunle, J. A., Ogunfufowokan, A. O. Akinni, M. S. & Torto, N. (2011). Seasonal mean levels of heavy metals in water and associated sediments from Ajawere in Oke-Osun farm settlement, Osogbo, Nigeria. Journal of environmental Science and Technology, 3 (5): 115-122.
[39] Anchour, L., Atika, H. & Mabrouka, A. (2012). Determination of some heavy metal pollutants in sediments of the Seybouse River in Annaba, Algeria. Air, Soil and water research, 5, 91-101.
[40] WBCSD. (2012). Water Facts & Trends". Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
