Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius in Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhoeal Albino Rats
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10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3708
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Abstract
Diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes of death among children in developing countries characterized by frequent passing of watery faeces. This study eval_uates the antidiarrhoeal activities of Sarcocephalus latifolius in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal albino rats. Thirty (30) albino rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Except group 1 (control group) which received distilled water, all groups received 0.5 mL castor oil to induce diarrhoea. Group 2 received loperamide 3 mg/kg b. wt. Group 3, 4, 5, and 6 received 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg b. wt. respectively of the methanolic stem bark extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius. Total diarrhoeic faeces, stool inhibition, intestinal fluid accumulation, and intestinal transit was determined to eval_uate the antidiarrhoeal effect of the extract. Total diarrhoeal faeces, intestinal content and intestinal transit reflects significant (p<0.05) decrease with increase in the dose of the extract, group 4 which received high dose (400 mg/kg b. wt.) shows no significant difference when compared with group 2 which received loperamide. Percentage inhibition increases with increase in dose. Methanolic stem bark extract of S. latifolius possess antidiarrhoeal effect on castor oil-induced diarrhoea.
Keywords:
Antidiarrhoeal; Activity; Methanolic; Stem Bark; Extract; Sarcocephalus latifolius; Castor; Diarrhoeal; Albino Rats
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Ahmed, M. U., Titus, D., & Isa, R. (2024). Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius in Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhoeal Albino Rats. African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, 1(1), 743-752. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3708
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
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Arzu B, Fatma PK, Arzu UT. In vitro antibacterial and antitumor activities of some medicinal plant extracts, growing in Turkey. Asian Pacific J Trop Med. 2013; 2012:616-624
Bolaji, O., John, O. J., Toluwani, F. E., & Adisa, L. M. (2018). eval_uation of Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius. Microbiology Research Journal International. 24(2): 1-10, 2018. DOI: 10.9734/MRJI/2018/41887.
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Amos, S. J., Abbah B., Chindo I., et al. (2005) Neuropharmacological effects of the aqueous extract of Nauclea latifolia root bark in rats and mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97: 53-57.
Bum, E. N., Taiwe G. S., Moto F. C. O., et al. (2009) Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative properties of the roots of Nauclea latifolia Smith in mice. Epilepsy Behav 15: 434-440.
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Abdullahi RA, Mainul H. preparation of medicinal plants. Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy and BioAllied Sciences. 12(1), 1-16.
Banu KS, Catherine L. General Techniques Involved in Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science. 2015;2(4), 25-32.
Arise, A. B., Abdulwuhab, M., Shewamene, Z., Gelayee, D. A., Adinew, G. M., & Birru, E. M. (2016). Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of root back extract of Cordia Africana. Journal of experimental Pharmacology, 8,53.
Singh, A., Saharan, V. A., Rama, V., Bhandari, A. (2013). eval_uation of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Elytraria Acaulis Extracts on Magnesium Sulphate- And Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhoea in Wistar Rats. Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.11, 2. 31–39.
Choudhary, G. P. (2012) Antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of Onosma bracteatum wall. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry, 1: 402–405.
Asrie, A. B., Abdelwuhab, M., Shewamene, Z., Gelayee, D. A., Adinew, G. M. & Birru, E. M. (2016). Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of the root bark of Cordia africana. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 8, 53–59.
Okere, O. S., Sangodele, J. O., Tade, O. G., Obafemi, O. T., Falode, J. A. (2015). Anti-diarrhea Potential and Acute Toxicity Studies of Methanolic Extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Cymbopogon citratus against Castor Oil Induced Diarrhea Model in Rats. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review. 6(2): 46-52
Galvez, J. A., Zarzuelo, M. A., Crespo, M. E. (1991). Antidiarrhoeic activity of Scleroarya birrea. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 4(1):14-20.
Owolabi, O. J., Ukoima, G. S., Inninh, S. O., & Otokiti, I. O. (2016). The antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous stem bark extract of Parkia filicoidea (Fabaceae). Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research 15(2), 12 – 20.
McQuaid, K. R. (2018). Drugs used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. 14th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 1087-1119.
Veiga, V. F., Zunino, L., Calixto, J. O. B., Patitucci, M. L. & Pinto, Ã. N. C. (2001) Phytochemical and antioedematogenic studies of commercial copaiba oils available in Brazil. Phytotherapy Research, 15: 476–480
Baldi, J. and Gregorio, G. (2009). Probiotics for treating infectious diseases. Journal of Pharmacology. 4: p 23-30
UNICEF Data. Monitoring the situation of children and women. Nov. 2016.
Bitew, B. D., Woldu, W., & Gizaw, Z. (2017). Childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and sanitation predictors in a nomadic community. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 43, 91.
Yaya, S., Hudani, A., Udenigwe, O., Shah, V., & Ekholuemetale, B, G. (2018). Tropical Medicine Infectious Disease. 3(2), 41.
Arzu B, Fatma PK, Arzu UT. In vitro antibacterial and antitumor activities of some medicinal plant extracts, growing in Turkey. Asian Pacific J Trop Med. 2013; 2012:616-624
Bolaji, O., John, O. J., Toluwani, F. E., & Adisa, L. M. (2018). eval_uation of Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius. Microbiology Research Journal International. 24(2): 1-10, 2018. DOI: 10.9734/MRJI/2018/41887.
Arbonnier, M. 2009. Arbres, Arbustes et Lianes des Zones Sèches d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Quæ-Muséum National D’histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Badiaga, M. (2011). Etude Ethnobotanique, Phytochimique, et Activités Biologique de Nauclea latifolia Smith, une Plante. Médicinale Récoltée au Mali. Thesis, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
Haudecoeur, R., Peuchmaur, M., Pérès, B., Rome, M., Taïwe, G.S., Boumendjel, A., Boucherle, B. (2018). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of African Nauclea species: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 212, 106–136.
Gidado, A., Ameh, D.A., Atawodi, S.E., (2005). Effect of Nauclea latifolia leaves aqueous extracts on blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Biotechnology. 4, 91–93.
Abdulfatai T. A., Olayinka T. A., Oluwole B. F., Zulfiqar A., Yan-Hong W., Mustafa G., Fazila Z., Christopher L, Odewo, A. S., Ikhlas A. K. (2020). Phytochemicals isolated from the root bark of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A.Bruce. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 86.103909
Orwa, C. A., Mutua K. R., Jamnadass R. et al. (2009) Agroforest tree Database, a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 :1 3.
Amos, S. J., Abbah B., Chindo I., et al. (2005) Neuropharmacological effects of the aqueous extract of Nauclea latifolia root bark in rats and mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97: 53-57.
Bum, E. N., Taiwe G. S., Moto F. C. O., et al. (2009) Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative properties of the roots of Nauclea latifolia Smith in mice. Epilepsy Behav 15: 434-440.
Abbah J., Amos, S., Chindoc, B., Ngazalc, I., Vongtaue, H. O., Adzuc, B., Faridad, T., Odutolad, A. A., Wambebec, C., Gamaniel, K. S. (2018). Pharmacological evidence favouring the use of Nauclea latifolia in malaria ethnopharmacy: Effects against nociception, inflammation, and pyrexia in rats and mice. Journal Ethnopharmacol. 127:85–90.
Ene, A. C., Ezeji, C. N. G. N., Emejulu, A. A., Ene, C. U., Okwu, G. N., Ujowundu, C. O. (2018). Antiplasmodial and Antioxidant eval_uation of the Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius. SciFed Journal of Analytical Biochemistry. 1:1,1-9
Asase, A., Oteng-Yeboah, A. A., Odamtten, G. T., Simmondab, M. S. J. (2005). Ethnobotanical study of some Ghanaian anti-malarial plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 99:273–279.
Iloamaeke, I., M., Umeobika, U. C., Osuizuigbo, C. J. F., Ekwueme, I. J., Okonkwo, C. P. (2018). Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Heavy Metals Analyses of Sarcocephalus Latifolius Leave Extract. Applied Chemistry. 1;2018.13-22.
Iteku, J. B., Makaya, O. V., Inkoto, C. L., Ngunde-te-Ngunde, S., Lengbiye, E. M., Tshidibi, J. D., Ngbolua, K. N. (2021). Phytochemical Screening and Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Antihelminthic Activities of Sarcocephalus latifolius Leaves. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences. 2684-1827. DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.4.158
Abdullahi RA, Mainul H. preparation of medicinal plants. Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy and BioAllied Sciences. 12(1), 1-16.
Banu KS, Catherine L. General Techniques Involved in Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science. 2015;2(4), 25-32.
Arise, A. B., Abdulwuhab, M., Shewamene, Z., Gelayee, D. A., Adinew, G. M., & Birru, E. M. (2016). Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of root back extract of Cordia Africana. Journal of experimental Pharmacology, 8,53.
Singh, A., Saharan, V. A., Rama, V., Bhandari, A. (2013). eval_uation of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Elytraria Acaulis Extracts on Magnesium Sulphate- And Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhoea in Wistar Rats. Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.11, 2. 31–39.
Choudhary, G. P. (2012) Antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of Onosma bracteatum wall. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry, 1: 402–405.
Asrie, A. B., Abdelwuhab, M., Shewamene, Z., Gelayee, D. A., Adinew, G. M. & Birru, E. M. (2016). Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of the root bark of Cordia africana. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 8, 53–59.
Okere, O. S., Sangodele, J. O., Tade, O. G., Obafemi, O. T., Falode, J. A. (2015). Anti-diarrhea Potential and Acute Toxicity Studies of Methanolic Extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Cymbopogon citratus against Castor Oil Induced Diarrhea Model in Rats. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review. 6(2): 46-52
Galvez, J. A., Zarzuelo, M. A., Crespo, M. E. (1991). Antidiarrhoeic activity of Scleroarya birrea. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 4(1):14-20.
Owolabi, O. J., Ukoima, G. S., Inninh, S. O., & Otokiti, I. O. (2016). The antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous stem bark extract of Parkia filicoidea (Fabaceae). Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research 15(2), 12 – 20.
McQuaid, K. R. (2018). Drugs used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. 14th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 1087-1119.
Veiga, V. F., Zunino, L., Calixto, J. O. B., Patitucci, M. L. & Pinto, Ã. N. C. (2001) Phytochemical and antioedematogenic studies of commercial copaiba oils available in Brazil. Phytotherapy Research, 15: 476–480
