Heavy Metals Tolerant Bacteria Detection from Selected Scrap Metal Dump Site: A Review
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Abstract
This study aimed to detect heavy-tolerant bacteria from selected scrap metal dump sites. Heavy metals are the major setbacks to many forms of life and their presence in the ecosystem rapid increase of heavy metal contamination is due to anthropogenic activities, rampant scrap metal waste disposal, and other industrial wastes. Bacteria were found to be among the many microorganisms that can tolerate many heavy metals and can as well reduce their toxicity or even convert them to useful resources. This study aims to detect the heavy metal concentration and the bacterial species capable of tolerating the identified heavy metals from selected metal dump sites. The heavy metals content of the soil samples was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Standard methods of enrichment culture and colony count were used to isolate a total of 12 bacterial species. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence-based molecular systematics, the 12 isolates were identified and grouped into one genus (Bacillus). It was observed from the results that the heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Cr) concentrations found to be high above the WHO permissible limits (Copper-2.0, Zinc-3.0, Lead-0.4, Chromium-0.05, and Cadmium-0.03). Therefore, the bacterial isolates capable of surviving at such levels of heavy metals could have a potential application in the bioremediation and bioleaching of heavy metal contaminants.
Keywords:
Heavy Metals; Bacteria; Anthropogenic; Scrap Metal Dumpsite
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Muhammad, H. M., Nasir, M. U., Adam, A. B., & Shamsuddeen, R. (2024). Heavy Metals Tolerant Bacteria Detection from Selected Scrap Metal Dump Site: A Review. African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, 1(1), 144-157. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3468
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Akpoveta, O., Osakwe, S., Okoh, B., & Otuya, B. (2011). Physicochemical Characteristics and Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Soils around Metal Scrap Dumps in Some Parts of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v14i4.63258
Aliyu Haliru, H. (2014). Heavy Metal Concentration Levels in Soil at Lake Geriyo Irrigation Site, Yola, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17
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Bazrafshan, E., Mohammadi, L., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., & Mahvi, A. H. (2015). Heavy metals removal from aqueous environments by electrocoagulation process - A systematic review. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-015-0233-8
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Dell’Amico, E., Cavalca, L., & Vincenza, A. (2005). Analysis of rhizobacterial communities in perennial Graminaceae from polluted water meadow soil, and screening of metal-resistant, potentially plant growth-promoting bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 52, 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.11.005
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Eghomwanre, A. F., Nwosisi, M. C., & Osarenitor, O. (2019). Assessment of heavy metals pollution of surface soil from scrap yards in Benin City, Nigeria. Open Access Journal of Waste Management and Xenobiotics, 2, 132-183.
Ekong, E. B., Jaar, B., & Weaver, V. M. (2007). Lead-related nephrotoxicity: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Kidney International, 70, 2074–2084. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5001809
Errasquín, E., & Vázquez, C. (2003). Tolerance and uptake of heavy metals by Trichoderma atroviride isolated from sludge. Chemosphere, 50, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00485-X
Fashola, M. O., Ngole-jeme, V. M., & Babalola, O. O. (2016). Heavy Metal Pollution from Gold Mines : Environmental Effects and Bacterial Strategies for Resistance. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111047
Genchi, G., Sinicropi, M.S., Lauria, G., Carocci, A., Catalano, A. The effects of cadmium toxicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17(11), 3782
Guo, Z., Mallavarapu, M., Beer, M., Ming, H., Rahman, M. M., Wu, W., & Naidu, R. (2009). Heavy metal impact on bacterial biomass based on DNA analyses and uptake by wild plants in the abandoned copper mine soils. Bioresource Technology, 100, 3831–3836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.043
Haladu, M.M, Yaro, R.S; Rabi’u, S.; Auwalu, S; Nuhu, F.D (2024): Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacteria from Kofar Ruwa Scrap Metal Dump Site in Kano Metropolis Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS), Vol. 10 No. 1a March 2024
Hussaini, A., Ali, A. F., & Abdullahi, B. A. (2021). Effects of Using Industrial Wastewater for Irrigation on Heavy Metals in Soils and Crops: a Case of Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 46(6), 931–939. https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v46i5.674
Kehrer, J., Tipple, T., Robertson, J. D., & Smith, C. V. (2015). Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species. In Comprehensive Toxicology (Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.01895-X
Kobya, M., Demirbas, P. E., Senturk, E., & Ince, M. (2005). Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Prepared from Apricot Stone. Bioresource Technology, 96, 1518–1521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.005
Kumar, M., Kumar, K., & Das, P. (2021). Study on road traffic congestion: A review (pp. 230–240). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003193838-43
Lee, S. W., Glickmann, E., & Cooksey, D. A. (2001). The chromosomal locus for cadmium resistance in Pseudomonas putida consists of a cadmium-transporting ATPase and a MerR family response regulator. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(4), 1437–1444. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1437-1444.2001
Lichtfouse, E., Wells, W., Glaser, B., & Rice, J. (2003). Molecular Studies of Soil Organic Matter.
Manahan, S. (2017). Environmental chemistry, Tenth edition. In Environmental Chemistry, Tenth Edition. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315160474
Masindi, V., Mkhonza, P., & Tekere, M. (2021). Sources of Heavy Metals Pollution. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80334-6_17
Mustapha, M. U., & Halimoon, N. (2015). Screening and Isolation of Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacteria in Industrial Effluent. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 30, 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.10.006
Naguib, M. M., Khairalla, A. S., El-Gendy, A. O., & Elkhatib, W. F. (2019). Isolation and characterization of mercury-resistant bacteria from wastewater sources in Egypt. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 65(4), 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0379
Nealson, K., & Popa, R. (2005). Metabolic diversity in the microbial world: Relevance to exobiology. Microorganisms and Earth Systems - Advances in Geomicrobiology: Published for the Society for General Microbiology, 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754852.009
Nwagwu, E. C., Yilwa, V. M., Egbe, N. E., & Bryan, G. (2017). Isolation and characterization of heavy metal tolerant bacteria from Panteka stream, Kaduna, Nigeria and their potential for bioremediation. 16(January), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15676
Øvreås, L., & Torsvik, V. (1998). Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Two Different Agricultural Soil Communities. Microbial Ecology, 36, 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002489900117
Panswad, T., Doungchai, A., & Anotai, J. (2003). Temperature effect on the microbial community of enhanced biological phosphorus removal system. Water Research, 37, 409–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00286-5
Peréz-de-Mora, A., Burgos, P., Madejón, E., Cabrera, F., Jaeckel, P., & Schloter, M. (2006). Microbial community structure and function in a soil contaminated by heavy metals: Effects of plant growth and different amendments. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38, 327–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.05.010
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