Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS

Library Users' Perception of Front Office Service Experience Based on User Experience Mode at Andalas University Library

2026-05-01T17:59:24+08:00

User experience plays an important role in improving library service quality, particularly in front office services as the main point of interaction between users and the library. This study aims to describe users’ perceptions of front office service experiences at the Andalas University Library based on the User Experience model, which includes five dimensions: usability, usefulness, accessibility, desirability, and satisfaction. A quantitative approach with a descriptive design was employed, involving 100 respondents selected through incidental sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS. The findings reveal that all user experience dimensions were categorized as high, with average scores for usability (3.57), usefulness (3.32), accessibility (3.56), desirability (3.50), and satisfaction (3.53), and an overall achievement level of 88.86%, classified as very good. These results indicate that front office services have delivered positive user experiences in terms of ease of use, environmental comfort, accessibility, and interaction quality with staff. The study concludes that the front office services at the Andalas University Library operate effectively and efficiently in meeting user needs. This study contributes to academic library service quality literature by providing empirical insight into user experience-based service evaluation. Practically, the findings imply the need for continuous improvement, particularly by enhancing usability, simplifying service procedures, and optimizing service systems to achieve more advanced and user-centered library services.

The Effect of the Widuri Program on High School Students' Knowledge about Bung Hatta at the UPT Proklamator Bung Hatta Library

2026-05-01T18:08:29+08:00

The limited and often superficial understanding of national figures among students, particularly Bung Hatta, reflects a critical gap between the intended objectives of history education and actual learning outcomes, which remain largely focused on memorization rather than deep conceptual understanding. This issue is closely associated with conventional, teacher-centered instructional approaches that provide limited contextualization and experiential engagement. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of the WIDURI Program, a library-based educational initiative grounded in experiential learning, on high school students’ knowledge of Bung Hatta. A quantitative explanatory design was employed, involving 70 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through simple linear regression after meeting classical assumption requirements. The findings indicate that the WIDURI Program has a positive and statistically significant effect on students’ knowledge, as shown by a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) and a regression coefficient of 0.729. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.277) further indicates that the program contributes 27.7% to the variance in students’ knowledge. These findings demonstrate that experiential learning within a library context can enhance students’ factual knowledge while also supporting higher-order cognitive skills in line with Bloom’s Taxonomy. This study contributes to history education and library-based learning literature by highlighting the transformative role of libraries as active learning environments rather than passive information providers. Practically, the findings imply that experience-based literacy programs can serve as strategic and innovative approaches to fostering more contextual, critical, and meaningful learning outcomes.

The Effect of Information Literacy on Students’ Information Overload in the Use of Digital Academic References

2026-05-01T19:25:50+08:00

This study is motivated by the increasing volume of digital information that may lead to information overload among students, particularly when using digital academic references. The main problem addressed in this research is students’ limited ability to select, evaluate, and effectively use information amid the abundance of available sources. This study aims to analyze the effect of information literacy on students’ information overload in the use of digital academic references. A quantitative approach with a descriptive survey design was employed. The population consisted of students from the Library and Information Science Program at Universitas Negeri Padang from the 2023–2025 cohorts, with a total sample of 73 respondents selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and preliminary interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The findings indicate that information literacy has a significant effect on information overload, with a significance value of p < .001 and a t-value of 5.611. The coefficient of determination of 30.7% shows that information literacy contributes to students’ ability to manage information overload. These findings suggest that higher levels of information literacy enhance students’ capacity to select, evaluate, and use digital academic references effectively, thereby minimizing the risk of information overload. This study contributes to the literature on information literacy and digital academic behavior by providing empirical evidence of the role of information literacy in managing excessive information exposure. Practically, the findings imply the need to strengthen information literacy programs in higher education to improve students’ critical and effective use of digital academic references.

The Effect of Gemini AI Usage on the Information Literacy of Students in the Library and Information Science Study Program

2026-05-01T19:40:38+08:00

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI technologies such as Gemini AI, has transformed how students access and use information in academic contexts. Although these technologies offer efficiency and convenience, concerns remain regarding students’ ability to critically evaluate the credibility of AI-generated information. This study aims to examine the effect of Gemini AI usage on the information literacy of students in the Library and Information Science Study Program at Universitas Negeri Padang. A quantitative approach with a descriptive and associative design was employed. The population consisted of 258 students, from which 72 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a validated and reliable Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, product-moment correlation, and simple linear regression with IBM SPSS. The findings indicate that Gemini AI usage has a positive and significant effect on students’ information literacy, with a significance value of 0.002 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.130) shows that Gemini AI usage contributes 13% to students’ information literacy, while the remaining variance is influenced by other factors. Descriptively, students demonstrated strong abilities in identifying and accessing information; however, limitations were found in their ability to critically evaluate the accuracy and credibility of AI-generated content. This study concludes that Gemini AI usage can enhance students’ information literacy but does not fully support critical evaluation skills. The findings contribute to the literature on AI-assisted information behavior and imply the need to integrate AI adoption with the strengthening of critical and evaluative competencies in higher education.

Student Development Management in Increasing Social Awareness of the Community at Sumbersari 2 State Elementary School Malang

2026-05-03T07:19:50+08:00

Student development management is a crucial aspect of primary education aimed at shaping students’ character, particularly in fostering social awareness within the community. However, several issues remain in practice, including low levels of empathy among students, a tendency toward individualistic behavior, and the suboptimal management of school development programs. This study aims to analyze student development management in enhancing social awareness at Sumbersari 2 State Elementary School Malang, focusing on planning, implementation, and evaluation. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was employed. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, students, and parents as research subjects. Data were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while validity was ensured through triangulation techniques. The findings reveal that student development management was implemented through event-based and routine activities integrated with community social life. These activities included the commemoration of Kartini Day through the distribution of basic food packages to underprivileged community members, the sharing of iftar meals (takjil) during Ramadan, school anniversary activities involving community clean-up and social interaction, as well as routine programs such as scouting and community service. These activities were effective in enhancing students’ social awareness through direct experiential learning. However, challenges remain, particularly in the lack of systematic evaluation and the limited sustainability of the programs. This study contributes to character education and primary school management literature by demonstrating how student development programs can strengthen social awareness through community-based experiential activities.

The Relationship between Academic Rational Belief and Student Engagement among Senior High School Students

2026-05-03T15:41:19+08:00

Student engagement is an important indicator of learning quality because it reflects students’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive involvement in the learning process. Although student engagement has been widely discussed in previous studies, research specifically examining its relationship with academic rational belief among senior high school students remains limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between academic rational belief and student engagement among eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 13 Padang. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed, involving 356 eleventh-grade students selected using total sampling. Data were collected using the Student Engagement Scale and the Academic Rational Beliefs Scale, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality testing, linearity testing, and Pearson Product Moment correlation with the assistance of SPSS. The findings show that both student engagement and academic rational belief were generally in the moderate category. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between academic rational belief and student engagement, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.619 and a significance value of p < .001. These results indicate that students with higher academic rational belief tend to demonstrate higher engagement in learning activities. This study contributes to the development of student engagement literature by emphasizing academic rational belief as an internal cognitive factor associated with students’ learning involvement. Practically, the findings imply that schools, teachers, and counselors should strengthen students’ rational academic beliefs through counseling services, reflective learning activities, and adaptive learning strategies.

The Effect of the Double Loop Problem Solving (DLPS) Learning Model on the Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Class VIII Students of SMP N 2 Tilatang Kamang

2026-05-04T09:00:32+08:00

This study is motivated by the results of analysis and observation of the Daily Mathematics Test in eighth-grade classes at SMP N 2 Tilatang Kamang, which showed low students’ mathematics learning outcomes and teacher-centered instruction. One alternative strategy to address this issue is the implementation of the Double Loop Problem Solving (DLPS) learning model. This study aims to examine the effect of the DLPS learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMP N 2 Tilatang Kamang. A pre-experimental design with a Static Group Comparison Design was employed. The population consisted of all eighth-grade students at SMP N 2 Tilatang Kamang, comprising four classes with a total of 101 students. Sampling was conducted randomly after normality, homogeneity, and mean equivalence tests were performed on the population data. Class VIII.2 was assigned as the experimental group, while Class VIII.1 served as the control group. The research instrument was a posttest designed to measure students’ mathematics learning outcomes. Data were analyzed using a t-test. The findings show that the t-count value was 3.696, while the t-table value was 1.67. Since the t-count exceeded the t-table, H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. The SPSS analysis also produced a p-value of 0.01, indicating a statistically significant difference in mathematics learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups. These results demonstrate that the DLPS learning model has a significant effect on students’ mathematics learning outcomes. The study contributes to mathematics education by providing empirical evidence that problem-solving-oriented learning can improve students’ achievement and reduce reliance on teacher-centered instruction.

The Influence of Student Creativity, Instructional Media, Teaching Style, Family Environment, and Study Hours on the Learning Outcomes of 12th-Grade Students in Home Economics at SMKN 1 Simpang Alahan Mati

2026-05-04T15:07:22+08:00

This study is motivated by the relatively low learning outcomes of eleventh-grade students in the PKK subject at SMK Negeri 1 Simpang Alahan Mati, which are presumed to be influenced by internal and external factors, including student creativity, instructional media, teaching style, family environment, and study time. This study aims to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of these variables on students’ learning outcomes. A quantitative approach with an associative-causal design was employed. The population comprised 105 students, and the sample was selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, documentation, and observation, and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of statistical software. The findings indicate that student creativity, instructional media, teaching style, family environment, and study time each have a significant partial effect on learning outcomes. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly influence learning outcomes and provide a substantial contribution to the dependent variable. These findings demonstrate that improving students’ learning outcomes requires the integrated optimization of both internal and external learning factors. The study contributes to educational practice by emphasizing the importance of creative teaching strategies, adequate instructional media, supportive family environments, and effective study-time management in strengthening students’ academic performance.

The Influence of Digital Literacy and Reading Interest on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills at SMAN 4 Bukittinggi

2026-05-04T15:15:42+08:00

This study addresses the low level of students’ critical thinking skills in increasingly complex digital learning environments. It aims to examine the effects of digital literacy and reading interest on students’ critical thinking skills. A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed. The participants were students of SMAN 4 Bukittinggi, selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires measuring digital literacy, reading interest, and critical thinking skills. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis, including the F-test and coefficient of determination. The findings reveal that digital literacy has a significant effect on students’ critical thinking skills (F = 79.405; p < 0.05), and reading interest also significantly influences students’ critical thinking skills (F = 3.244; p < 0.05). Furthermore, digital literacy and reading interest simultaneously have a significant effect on critical thinking skills (F = 64.425; p < 0.05). The Adjusted R Square value of 0.646 indicates that 64.6% of the variance in students’ critical thinking skills is explained by digital literacy and reading interest. These findings demonstrate that both digital literacy and reading interest play an important role in strengthening students’ higher-order thinking skills. The study contributes to educational practice by highlighting the need to integrate digital literacy development and reading-habit cultivation into learning activities to enhance students’ critical thinking skills in the digital era.

The Relationship between Digital Literacy and Communication Ethics among Generation Z on Social Media

2026-05-04T15:27:03+08:00

The rapid advancement of digital technology and the intensive use of social media among Generation Z have raised significant concerns regarding digital communication ethics. Although digital literacy is considered an important factor in shaping ethical communication behavior, empirical studies examining this relationship, particularly among university students, remain limited. This study aims to determine the level of digital literacy, the level of communication ethics, and the relationship between digital literacy and communication ethics among Generation Z social media users at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Padang. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed. The sample consisted of 98 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation tests. The findings indicate that both digital literacy and communication ethics are categorized as good, and that a strong correlation exists between digital literacy and communication ethics among Generation Z social media users. This suggests that higher levels of digital literacy are associated with better ethical communication in digital interactions. The study concludes that digital literacy plays an important role in supporting ethical social media communication. Its contribution lies in emphasizing the need to strengthen digital literacy programs integrated with communication ethics development in educational settings to promote more responsible digital behavior.

The Political Cognition of Young Entrepreneurs

2026-05-05T16:45:37+08:00

This study is motivated by the increasing involvement of youth in entrepreneurship and politics, reflecting a complex relationship between economic agency and political participation. However, research specifically examining youth political cognition within entrepreneurial contexts, particularly after experiences of political failure, remains limited. This study aims to analyze how youth political cognition is formed in entrepreneurial contexts, identify the factors influencing youth engagement in entrepreneurship and politics, and explore how young individuals interpret the relationship between these domains. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was employed to examine lived experience. The research participant was a young entrepreneur with prior political involvement, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that youth political cognition is constructed through an integrated process involving perception, memory, information processing, thinking, problem-solving, and metacognition. Politics is interpreted as both an opportunity and a risk within entrepreneurial activity, while past political experience serves as a basis for decision-making supported by critical and adaptive thinking. The study also finds that political involvement influences business dynamics, generating both positive and negative impacts. The study concludes that political cognition plays a significant role in shaping young entrepreneurs’ capacity to adapt, make strategic decisions, and develop entrepreneurial ventures within complex socio-political environments. Its contribution lies in integrating political cognition and entrepreneurship perspectives while offering practical insights for youth and policymakers in developing adaptive strategies and supportive policy frameworks.

Strategy for Preserving Rare Collections Using the Preservation Pyramid Theory at the UPT Bung Hatta Proclamator Library

2026-05-05T16:57:23+08:00

This study is motivated by the high vulnerability of rare collections to physical, chemical, and biological deterioration, particularly in tropical environments with limited environmental control. Despite their substantial historical and cultural value, preservation strategies in specialized libraries remain insufficiently integrated and optimized. This study aims to analyze rare collection preservation strategies at the UPT Bung Hatta Proclamator Library based on the Preservation Pyramid Theory and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting their implementation. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Six informants were purposively selected, comprising the head of preservation, preservation team members, a conservator, librarians, and a user. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that preservation strategies have been implemented across four levels: preventive conservation, passive conservation, active conservation, and restoration, with preventive conservation as the dominant strategy. These efforts include environmental control using dehumidifiers, silica gel, and thermohygrometers, as well as restricted access policies. However, several limitations remain, including budget constraints, suboptimal storage facilities, and inconsistent documentation practices. Active conservation and restoration have been relatively well implemented with support from trained conservators, although technical constraints persist. The study concludes that rare collection preservation at the UPT Bung Hatta Proclamator Library has been implemented but is not yet fully integrated across strategic and operational levels. Its contribution lies in demonstrating the relevance of the Preservation Pyramid Theory for evaluating rare collection management in specialized libraries and emphasizing the need for stronger institutional policies, preservation-standard facilities, and enhanced human resource capacity to ensure sustainable rare collection preservation.

The Relationship between Work Engagement and Eudaimonic Workplace Well-Being among Nurses at RSUD Pasaman Barat

2026-05-06T05:55:29+08:00

Work engagement and eudaimonic workplace well-being are increasingly important in the health-care sector, where nurses are required to deliver continuous, professional, and emotionally demanding services. Although previous studies have widely examined work engagement, burnout, job satisfaction, and general workplace well-being among nurses, research specifically addressing the relationship between work engagement and eudaimonic workplace well-being in regional public hospitals in Indonesia remains limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between work engagement and eudaimonic workplace well-being among nurses at RSUD Pasaman Barat. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 172 nurses selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Eudaimonic Workplace Well-Being Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 and were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation and simple regression with IBM SPSS for Windows. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between work engagement and eudaimonic workplace well-being, with a correlation coefficient of 0.487 and a significance value of 0.000. Regression analysis further showed that work engagement contributed 23.7% to eudaimonic workplace well-being. These findings contribute to the theoretical development of work engagement and eudaimonic workplace well-being within organizational psychology and nursing management. The study concludes that work engagement plays an important role in strengthening nurses’ meaningful psychological well-being at work. Practically, hospital management is encouraged to create a supportive work environment through stronger social support, professional development, recognition, and healthy workload management.

The Effect of Library Facility Modernization on the Educational Function at Universitas Negeri Padang Library

2026-05-07T06:41:40+08:00

Although academic libraries have modernized their physical infrastructure and technological systems, the extent to which these improvements optimize their educational function in the digital era remains insufficiently examined. This study aims to analyze the influence of library facility modernization on the educational function of the library at Universitas Negeri Padang. A quantitative approach with a causal-associative design was employed. The study population comprised 8,282 library users in 2025, from which 99 respondents were selected through random sampling using the Slovin formula. Data were collected using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, supported by literature review and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through simple linear regression with SPSS, following prerequisite tests of normality, linearity, and heteroscedasticity. The findings show that library facility modernization was categorized as good, with a mean score of 3.23, while the educational function of the library was also categorized as good, with a mean score of 3.24. Regression analysis revealed that facility modernization had a positive and significant effect on the educational function of the library, with a regression coefficient of 0.931 and a significance level below 0.05. The correlation coefficient of 0.842 indicates a very strong relationship, and the coefficient of determination of 0.708 shows that facility modernization explains 70.8% of the variance in the library’s educational function. The study concludes that improving library facility modernization significantly strengthens the educational function of academic libraries. These findings contribute to the development of user-oriented academic library services by emphasizing the importance of facility enhancement, digital accessibility, and information literacy support in promoting effective learning in higher education.

The Utilization of @buiramira’s Educational TikTok Content on the Use of Academic Information Sources among Library and Information Science Students

2026-05-08T06:08:29+08:00

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed how academic information is accessed and used, particularly through social media platforms such as TikTok, which increasingly serve as alternative learning resources. However, the use of social media as an academic information source raises important questions about its effectiveness and contribution to students’ information behavior. This study aims to analyze the utilization of @buiramira’s educational TikTok content in relation to the use of academic information sources among students of the Library and Information Science Program at Universitas Negeri Padang. A quantitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed, involving 64 respondents selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. The findings indicate that the utilization of @buiramira’s educational TikTok content was categorized as high, with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use scores of 3.08 and 3.07, respectively. The use of academic information sources was also categorized as high, as reflected in information behavior (3.13), information-seeking behavior (2.85), information-searching behavior (2.96), and information-use behavior (3.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong and significant positive relationship between the utilization of educational TikTok content and the use of academic information sources, with a correlation coefficient of 0.656 and a significance level below 0.001. Simple linear regression further demonstrated a significant effect, with an F-value of 46.888. The study concludes that educational TikTok content can function as an initial academic information source and a supporting medium for students’ academic activities. These findings contribute to the literature on digital information behavior and highlight the need to strengthen students’ information literacy skills so that they can critically evaluate the credibility, relevance, and depth of academic information obtained through social media.

The Relationship of Librarian Service Quality and Library Anxiety among Visitors at the Padang State University Library

2026-05-08T06:31:53+08:00

The advancement of information technology in academic libraries requires improvements in service quality that extend beyond technical performance to address users’ psychological experiences. However, library anxiety remains a persistent issue that may hinder users’ optimal engagement with library services. This study aims to examine the relationship between librarian service quality and library anxiety among users of the Universitas Negeri Padang Library. A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed. The study population consisted of 40,432 library visitors, from which 100 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire developed based on the SERVQUAL model for measuring service quality and the Multidimensional Library Anxiety Scale (MLAS) for assessing library anxiety. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation with the assistance of SPSS software. The findings indicate that librarian service quality was categorized as good, with an average score of 3.15, whereas library anxiety was relatively low, with an average score of 2.28. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant negative relationship between librarian service quality and library anxiety, with a correlation coefficient of -0.679 and a significance level of <0.001. This result indicates that higher librarian service quality is associated with lower levels of user anxiety. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) of 46.1% suggests that service quality contributes substantially to reducing library anxiety, although other external factors may also influence users’ psychological experiences. The study concludes that librarian service quality plays a crucial role in creating a psychologically supportive, accessible, and user-friendly academic library environment. These findings contribute to the literature on service quality and user behavior in library science and offer practical implications for library management, particularly in strengthening empathy, communication, and user assistance to minimize library anxiety.

The Effect of Nature-Based Creative Dance on Gross Motor Development in Early Childhood

2026-05-08T16:15:55+08:00

Although early childhood gross motor development has received considerable attention in previous studies, research specifically examining natural movement-based creative dance as a contextual learning approach remains limited. This study aims to analyze the effect of natural movement-based creative dance on the gross motor development of children aged 5–6 years. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was employed, involving 30 children selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using gross motor development observation sheets that had been tested for validity and reliability and were analyzed using an independent samples t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05), with a greater increase in gross motor scores among children who received the natural movement-based creative dance treatment. These findings indicate that dance activities grounded in natural movements are effective in improving children’s balance, coordination, and agility. The study contributes to the strengthening of motor development theory by emphasizing the importance of contextual and meaningful physical activity-based stimulation. It concludes that natural movement-based creative dance is an effective and innovative learning strategy for optimizing early childhood gross motor development. Therefore, early childhood educators are encouraged to integrate this approach into learning activities. The implications of this research include theoretical contributions to the development of movement-based learning and practical recommendations for teachers in designing more creative and contextual activities. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of this approach and its integration with other aspects of child development.

The Effect of Plant Spacing and Number of Seeds per Planting Hole on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)

2026-05-08T16:29:05+08:00

Sweet corn productivity is strongly influenced by cultivation techniques, particularly plant spacing and the number of seeds per planting hole. This study aims to analyze the effects of plant spacing and the number of seeds per planting hole on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). A quantitative approach was employed using a factorial Randomized Block Design with two treatment factors. The first factor was plant spacing, consisting of three levels: J1 = 50 cm × 25 cm, J2 = 60 cm × 25 cm, and J3 = 80 cm × 25 cm. The second factor was the number of seeds per planting hole, consisting of three levels: B1 = one seed, B2 = two seeds, and B3 = three seeds. The study was conducted from April to June 2025 at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Samudra. Data were collected through direct observation and measurement of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, cob length, cob weight, cob weight without husk, and production per hectare. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The findings indicate that plant spacing had a highly significant effect on plant height, cob length, cob weight, cob weight without husk per sample, cob weight without husk per plot, and production per hectare, but had no significant effect on the number of leaves and stem diameter. The best plant height was obtained from J3, whereas most yield parameters were best obtained from J2. The number of seeds per planting hole had a highly significant effect on all observed parameters, with B1 producing the best results. The interaction between plant spacing and number of seeds per planting hole significantly affected plant height at 30 and 45 days after planting and cob weight. The best plant height was obtained from J3B1, while the best cob weight was obtained from J2B1. This study concludes that the use of one seed per planting hole combined with appropriate plant spacing can improve sweet corn growth and yield. These findings provide practical implications for optimizing cultivation strategies to enhance sweet corn productivity.

The Effect of Memorizing the Qur'an on Students' Learning Outcomes and Mathematics Learning Discipline in Grade Xi of Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (MTI) Canduang

2026-05-08T21:07:28+08:00

This study is driven by the low mathematics achievement of Grade XI students at Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (MTI) Canduang in the midterm examination. Preliminary observations indicated that students showed greater engagement with religious subjects than with general subjects, which may influence their mathematics learning outcomes. Differences in mathematics achievement were also observed between students with strong and weak Qur’an memorization abilities, while some students demonstrated relatively low learning discipline. This study aims to examine the effect of Qur’an memorization on mathematics learning outcomes and mathematics learning discipline among Grade XI students at MTI Canduang. A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed. The population consisted of all Grade XI students at MTI Canduang, comprising six classes with a total of 168 students. A sample of 34 students was selected through random sampling after normality and homogeneity of variance tests were conducted on the population. Data were collected through documentation of Qur’an memorization scores, mathematics achievement tests, and questionnaires measuring students’ mathematics learning discipline. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The findings show that Qur’an memorization had a positive effect on students’ mathematics learning outcomes, as indicated by the regression equation Y₁ = 7.765 + 0.900X, a correlation coefficient of 0.646, which reflects a strong positive relationship, and a coefficient of determination of 41.70%. The significance test showed that tcount > ttable, namely 4.784 > 2.037. Furthermore, Qur’an memorization had a significant effect on students’ mathematics learning discipline, as indicated by the regression equation Y₂ = -49.184 + 2.305X, a correlation coefficient of 0.826, which reflects a very strong positive relationship, and a coefficient of determination of 68.2%. The significance test also showed that tcount > ttable, namely 8.278 > 2.037. This study concludes that Qur’an memorization significantly contributes to improving mathematics learning outcomes and mathematics learning discipline among Grade XI students at MTI Canduang. These findings provide theoretical implications for understanding the relationship between religious learning practices and academic behavior, as well as practical implications for integrating discipline-building strategies in mathematics learning within Islamic educational contexts.

Public Relations Marketing Strategy in Building Brand Awareness through Instagram: Habibu Cake Case Study

2026-05-09T21:12:13+08:00

The rapid growth of social media, particularly Instagram, has transformed Marketing Public Relations (MPR) strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia’s increasingly competitive digital landscape. However, Habibu Cake, a local artisan dessert SME based in Medan, North Sumatra, continues to face challenges in optimizing brand awareness despite its active use of Instagram, while scholarly attention to the role of MPR in building brand awareness among culinary SMEs in Medan remains limited. This study aims to analyze the MPR strategies implemented by Habibu Cake through Instagram and examine their role in strengthening brand awareness. A qualitative descriptive method with a single case study approach was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five consumers and active followers of the @habibu.cake Instagram account, non-participatory observation of the account from January to March 2024, and documentation analysis of published content from 2022 to 2024. The findings reveal three interconnected MPR pillars: structured and authentic content creation based on five content pillars, strategic endorsement involving 19 local micro-influencers across 28 campaigns, and consistent community engagement generating approximately 340 user-generated content items per month. These strategies contributed to substantial growth, including a 477% increase in followers, a 589% increase in average reach per post, a 124% increase in engagement rate reaching 4.7%, a 656% increase in monthly user-generated content, and a 797% increase in profile visits. The study concludes that a consistent, authentic, and community-driven MPR approach on Instagram is highly effective in progressively building brand awareness for local culinary SMEs. These findings contribute to digital marketing communication literature by offering a three-pillar MPR model and provide practical implications for local culinary SMEs in Indonesia to develop effective, adaptive, and sustainable Instagram-based brand communication strategies.

Barista Interpersonal Communication Strategy in Increasing Customer Satisfaction at Coffee Shop Titik Koma Matcha Club Multatuli Medan

2026-05-09T21:27:41+08:00

The rapid expansion of the coffee shop industry has intensified competition in delivering superior customer experiences, positioning interpersonal communication as a critical determinant of customer satisfaction. Although previous studies have examined communication in service contexts, limited attention has been given to integrated service systems in which baristas simultaneously perform multiple service roles. This study aims to analyze barista interpersonal communication strategies and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing their effectiveness at Titik Koma Matcha Club Coffee Shop, Medan. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participatory observation, and documentation over a four-week period. Seven informants were selected using purposive sampling, consisting of two baristas, four customers, and one field supervisor. The analysis was grounded in DeVito’s five dimensions of interpersonal communication—openness, empathy, supportiveness, positiveness, and equality—and interpreted through customer satisfaction theory. The findings reveal that all five communication dimensions were consistently implemented across service stages, with empathy and openness emerging as the most influential factors in shaping customer satisfaction. Supporting factors included a positive work environment, continuous supervisory guidance, and an integrated service system that increased interaction intensity. Conversely, time constraints during peak hours limited communication depth, although this challenge was mitigated through structured task distribution. The study further demonstrates that effective interpersonal communication contributes to repeat visits and positive word-of-mouth behavior. This study concludes that interpersonal communication plays a strategic role as a core component of service quality in the coffee shop industry. These findings contribute to service communication literature and provide practical implications for developing communication-based service management strategies in customer-oriented food and beverage businesses.

The Perspective of ‘Urf on the Implementation of the Ba Iyeh Tradition in Marriage Customs in Padang Pariaman Regency

2026-05-10T06:23:36+08:00

Local marriage traditions continue to shape the relationship between customary practice, religious belief, and community identity in Minangkabau society. However, research specifically examining the Ba Iyeh tradition in Nagari Tapakih from the perspective of ‘urf remains limited. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Ba Iyeh in marriage customs and examine its position within Islamic legal reasoning through the concept of ‘urf. An empirical qualitative approach with field research was employed, involving religious leaders, customary leaders, and community members selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and documentation and analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis based on the concept of ‘urf. The findings indicate that Ba Iyeh begins with mandi balimau or mandi kembang, followed by incense smoke, the application of pauweah, mantra recitation, symbolic hair cutting near the crown of the head, and doa paga diri before the bride or groom wears wedding attire. From the perspective of ‘urf, this tradition is categorized as ‘urf al-‘amalī and ‘urf al-khāṣ. However, it may become ‘urf fāsid when it contains superstition, mystical claims, or elements contrary to sharia. The study concludes that Ba Iyeh reflects the dynamic interaction between Minangkabau customary practice and Islamic legal norms. These findings contribute to the study of Islamic customary law and provide practical implications for customary and religious leaders to reconstruct the tradition by preserving its cultural values while eliminating elements that conflict with Islamic teachings.

The Information Literacy Level of Students at SMAN 1 Kubung and SMAN 1 Junjungsirih: A Comparative Study

2026-05-11T07:34:23+08:00

The growing importance of information literacy as a twenty-first-century competency has strengthened the need for students to identify information needs, search for relevant information, evaluate information credibility, and use information effectively and responsibly. However, information literacy skills among senior high school students remain varied, particularly across schools with different library management conditions. This study aims to analyze and compare the information literacy levels of eleventh-grade students at SMAN 1 Kubung and SMAN 1 Junjungsirih based on The Big6 framework. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative research design was employed. The study population consisted of 401 students, from which 80 respondents were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire developed based on six indicators of The Big6 model: task definition, information-seeking strategies, location and access, use of information, synthesis, and evaluation. The validity test showed that all instrument items were valid, with correlation coefficients exceeding the r-table value of 0.361, while the reliability test produced a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.971, indicating excellent reliability. The findings revealed that students’ overall information literacy level was categorized as high, with a grand mean score of 3.45. SMAN 1 Kubung obtained a higher average score of 3.58 than SMAN 1 Junjungsirih, which obtained a score of 3.36. The highest score was found in the task definition indicator, whereas the lowest score was identified in the synthesis indicator. The study concludes that differences exist in students’ information literacy levels between the two schools, influenced by learning environments, information resource management, and school library support systems. These findings contribute to the literature on school-based information literacy and provide practical implications for strengthening information literacy programs, optimizing the role of school librarians, and developing literacy-based learning strategies to enhance students’ critical and analytical thinking skills.

Perceptions of 2022 Library and Information Science Students on the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Completing Academic Assignments

2026-05-11T07:43:09+08:00

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education has transformed how students access, manage, and use academic information. The use of AI in completing academic assignments has increased substantially because it is perceived to offer efficiency, convenience, and speed in learning activities. However, the increasing adoption of AI also raises concerns regarding technological dependency, information validity, and academic ethics. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of 2022 cohort students in the Library and Information Science Program at Universitas Negeri Padang regarding the use of AI in completing academic assignments. A quantitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed. The population consisted of 78 active students from the 2022 cohort, all of whom were selected as respondents using saturated sampling. Data were collected through a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire developed based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework, covering performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the assistance of SPSS version 26.0. The findings reveal that students’ perceptions of AI utilization were categorized as very good, with an achievement level of 90.44%. Among the indicators, facilitating conditions obtained the highest average score of 3.74, followed by effort expectancy and social influence, each with a score of 3.67, while performance expectancy obtained a score of 3.58. These findings indicate that AI is perceived as capable of enhancing effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, and convenience in completing academic assignments. Social environments and technological infrastructure also support students’ adoption of AI technologies. The study concludes that AI has become an important component of students’ academic activities; however, its use must be accompanied by strong digital literacy, critical thinking skills, and academic ethical awareness to ensure responsible and meaningful utilization. These findings provide practical implications for higher education institutions in formulating ethical AI policies and strengthening technology-based learning systems.

The Effectiveness of the Project-Based Learning Model Based on Autodesk Inventor on Students’ Learning Outcomes in the Manufacturing Engineering Drawing Subject at SMK Negeri 1 Padang

2026-05-11T15:18:04+08:00

Project-based learning supported by digital design technology has become increasingly relevant in vocational education; however, empirical evidence on its application with Autodesk Inventor in Manufacturing Engineering Drawing remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Autodesk Inventor-based Project-Based Learning model in improving students’ learning outcomes in the Manufacturing Engineering Drawing subject at SMK Negeri 1 Padang. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was employed. The participants consisted of 40 Grade XI Mechanical Engineering students selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental class and a control class. Data were collected through pretest, posttest, and documentation and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, and paired sample t-test with the assistance of SPSS. The findings indicate that both classes experienced significant improvement; however, the experimental class achieved a higher mean score increase than the control class. The experimental class improved from 48.30 to 66.85, whereas the control class improved from 44.25 to 57.55. The posttest comparison showed a 16.15% difference in favor of the experimental class. The study concludes that Autodesk Inventor-based Project-Based Learning is effective in improving students’ learning outcomes in vocational technical drawing. These findings provide practical implications for vocational education by highlighting the importance of integrating project-based pedagogical models with digital design technology to support more effective learning in Manufacturing Engineering Drawing.

The Influence of the Quick on the Draw Type Cooperative Learning Model on the Mathematics Learning Activities

2026-05-12T15:26:52+08:00

Students’ mathematics learning activity is an important indicator of learning success. However, preliminary observations and interviews with teachers and students at SMKN 2 Bukittinggi indicated that students’ mathematics learning activity remained low, partly due to teacher-centered instruction and limited variation in learning models. This study aims to determine the effect of the Quick on the Draw cooperative learning model on students’ mathematics learning activities in Grade X Hospitality at SMKN 2 Bukittinggi. This research employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design using the Static Group Comparison Design. The population consisted of three Grade X Hospitality classes at SMKN 2 Bukittinggi. The sample comprised students of Grade X Hospitality 2 as the experimental class and Grade X Hospitality 1 as the control class. Sampling was conducted using simple random sampling after normality, homogeneity of variance, and mean equality tests were performed on the population data. Data were collected using a questionnaire measuring students’ mathematics learning activities and analyzed using the t-test after fulfilling the prerequisite tests of normality and homogeneity. The results showed that tcount = 2.0479 exceeded ttable = 1.6741, indicating that H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. This result was further supported by SPSS analysis, which produced a significance value of 0.045 at α = 0.05, showing that 0.045 < 0.05. Therefore, the study concludes that the Quick on the Draw cooperative learning model has a significant effect on students’ mathematics learning activities in Grade X Hospitality at SMKN 2 Bukittinggi in the 2025/2026 academic year. These findings contribute to mathematics education by demonstrating the potential of cooperative learning strategies to increase student participation and provide practical implications for teachers in designing more interactive and student-centered mathematics learning.

Implementing Scaffolded CPBL in Digital Marketing Education: A Study of Vocational Students in Information Technology and Culinary Programs

2026-05-12T17:13:26+08:00

Although digital marketing education has received increasing attention in vocational learning contexts, research specifically examining the role of scaffolded Cooperative Problem-Based Learning (CPBL) in enhancing students’ digital business readiness remains limited. This study aims to explore how scaffolded CPBL influences vocational students’ learning experiences, motivation, and readiness for digital business practices. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, involving 68 students from Diploma 3 programs in Information Technology and Culinary Arts at a polytechnic institution. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through reflective journals and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis guided by the MUSIC Model of Motivation framework. The findings indicate that scaffolded CPBL enhances students’ engagement and learning performance through small-group collaboration, facilitator support, and structured learning activities. These elements foster active participation, autonomy, and deeper understanding of digital marketing concepts. Digital business readiness also emerged as a key outcome, reflected in students’ ability to apply marketing strategies, think entrepreneurially, and collaborate in solving real-world business problems. The study concludes that scaffolded CPBL plays a crucial role in preparing vocational students for employment and entrepreneurial pathways in the digital economy. These findings contribute to constructivist learning and motivation theory and extend understanding of CPBL implementation in vocational digital marketing education. The implications of this research include practical recommendations for educators and vocational institutions to integrate problem-based and scaffolded learning approaches into digital marketing curricula and to design more industry-relevant learning experiences. The study also identifies opportunities for future research on CPBL implementation in practice-based vocational courses and longitudinal evaluation of students’ career outcomes.

The Effect of Graffito Drawing Techniques on Children's Visual-Spatial Intelligence in Kindergarten Miftahul Jannah Padang

2026-05-12T20:15:48+08:00

Although visual-spatial intelligence is essential for early childhood development because it supports children’s understanding of space, shape, direction, color, and imagination, field observations indicate that this ability remains insufficiently developed. Many children still have difficulty understanding direction, distinguishing colors, and expressing imagination independently, as they tend to imitate examples provided by teachers. This study aims to determine the effect of drawing using the graffito technique on children’s visual-spatial intelligence at Miftahul Jannah Kindergarten, Padang. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed. The population consisted of all 20 children at Miftahul Jannah Kindergarten, with the sample selected through purposive sampling, comprising Group B1 as the experimental class and Group B2 as the control class. Data were collected through observation using a visual-spatial intelligence assessment instrument. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tests, including normality and homogeneity tests, followed by a t-test comparing pretest and posttest results in both groups. The findings indicate that children in the experimental class experienced greater improvement in visual-spatial intelligence than those in the control class, as shown by the difference between the pretest and posttest results. The data were normally distributed and homogeneous, with significance values greater than 0.05. The t-test produced a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. The study concludes that drawing using the graffito technique has a significant effect on improving children’s visual-spatial intelligence. These findings contribute to early childhood education by demonstrating the value of creative art-based activities in stimulating spatial understanding, color recognition, and imaginative expression, while providing practical implications for kindergarten teachers in designing more exploratory and developmentally appropriate learning activities.

Design and Development of Android-Based Augmented Reality Educational Media on Computer Materials and Their Components at SMA Negeri 1 Rambatan

2026-05-12T20:32:42+08:00

Digital technology has become increasingly important in Informatics learning; however, the development of Android-based Augmented Reality media for computer component materials remains limited. This study aims to design and develop Android-based Augmented Reality educational media for learning computer materials and components at SMA Negeri 1 Rambatan. A research and development approach was employed using the Multimedia Development Life Cycle model, comprising the stages of concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. The study involved 60 students selected through purposive sampling, two media experts, and two material experts. Data were collected through observation, documentation, expert validation questionnaires, and User Acceptance Testing, then analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis and Aiken’s V. The findings indicate that the ARCompt application successfully presents 14 three-dimensional computer component models grouped into input devices, output devices, storage devices, and processing units. The User Acceptance Testing result obtained a mean score of 3.10, categorized as very good. Media expert validation produced an Aiken’s V score of 0.85, categorized as very valid, while material expert validation produced a score of 0.73, categorized as fairly valid. The study concludes that ARCompt is feasible as an interactive learning medium to support Informatics learning on computer components. These findings contribute to the development of technology-enhanced educational media and provide practical implications for integrating Android-based Augmented Reality into Informatics learning. Further research is recommended to examine the effectiveness of ARCompt through experimental research.

The Effect of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Learning Model on Elementary School Students' Reading Comprehension Skills

2026-05-12T20:52:39+08:00

Limited research has examined cooperative learning models that integrate reading and writing activities to improve students’ literacy competencies, although low reading comprehension skills remain a significant issue among fifth-grade students at UPTD SD Negeri 28 Parepare, where conventional learning methods have commonly been used. This study aims to describe students’ reading comprehension skills taught with and without the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model and to analyze the effect of the CIRC model on fifth-grade students’ reading comprehension skills at UPTD SD Negeri 28 Parepare. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a balanced control group was employed, with samples selected through a random grouping technique. Data were collected using pretests and posttests. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, including normality tests, homogeneity tests, N-Gain analysis, and an independent samples t-test. The findings indicate a significant difference in reading comprehension skills between the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group achieving a higher average score. The independent samples t-test further supported this result, showing a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) below 0.05, which indicates that the CIRC learning model had a significant effect on students’ reading comprehension skills. The study concludes that integrating reading and writing activities through heterogeneous group interaction effectively improves students’ reading comprehension compared to conventional learning methods. These findings contribute to the development of cooperative learning strategies and extend the literature on integrated literacy instruction at the elementary school level. The study also provides practical implications for educators to adopt collaborative and activity-based learning models such as CIRC to create more meaningful literacy learning experiences, while further research is recommended to examine the application of this model across different educational levels.

The Influence of Diorama Media on Student Learning Outcomes in Science Subjects in Elementary Schools

2026-05-13T14:43:21+08:00

Although science learning in elementary schools has often relied on textbooks and simple visual media, abstract topics such as the water cycle remain difficult for students to understand. This study aims to determine the effect of water cycle diorama media on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at UPT SD Negeri 8 Pinrang. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that the use of water cycle diorama media had a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes. Students taught using diorama media achieved higher learning outcomes than those taught through conventional methods. The use of diorama media helped students understand the water cycle process in a more concrete, engaging, and meaningful way. These findings suggest that water cycle diorama media can serve as an alternative instructional medium for improving students’ learning outcomes in elementary science education.

The Influence of Interest in K-Pop Idols on Increasing the Motivation to Read Alternative Universe Fiction Works among K-Pop Fans

2026-05-15T20:09:36+08:00

The rapid development of digital literacy culture among young people has been shaped by the growing popularity of K-Pop culture and the consumption of Alternative Universe (AU) fiction on social media platforms. This phenomenon indicates that reading practices are no longer limited to academic or conventional materials but have increasingly expanded through fandom-based digital media. This study aims to analyze the influence of interest in K-Pop idols on the motivation to read AU fiction among K-Pop fans. A quantitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. The population consisted of 82,425 followers of the X account @Localauniverse, from which 102 respondents were selected through simple random sampling using the Slovin formula. Data were collected using closed-ended questionnaires based on a four-point Likert scale and analyzed through normality testing, linearity testing, simple linear regression, and coefficient of determination analysis using SPSS version 25. The findings reveal that interest in K-Pop idols has a positive and significant influence on the motivation to read AU fiction, as indicated by a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) and a regression coefficient of 0.573. The coefficient of determination value of 0.228 further indicates that interest in K-Pop idols contributes 22.8% to reading motivation, while the remaining proportion is influenced by factors beyond the scope of this study. The study concludes that emotional attachment, parasocial relationships, and participation in digital fandom culture play an important role in strengthening fans’ motivation to engage with AU fiction. These findings contribute to the literature on digital literacy, fandom-based reading practices, and youth reading motivation by demonstrating how popular culture and digital media can serve as alternative strategies for promoting reading engagement among younger generations.

Qur'anic Conceptions of Knowledge and Contemporary Islamic Educational Praxis: Exegesis of QS. Al-Mujadilah 58:11 and QS. Al-Fathir 35:28

2026-05-18T06:06:59+08:00

This study clarifies terminological distinctions among ‘ilm, science, and knowledge across Western, Arabic, and Indonesian scholarly traditions and examines the pedagogical implications of QS. Al-Mujadilah (58:11) and QS. Al-Fathir (35:28) for Islamic education in Indonesia. A qualitative literature review with narrative synthesis was employed, drawing on classical tafsir, Arabic lexica, contemporary exegesis, philosophy of science, policy documents, and peer-reviewed research in Arabic, English, and Indonesian. Reflexive thematic synthesis generated three convergent findings. First, Western and Arabic traditions distinguish structured scientific products, practices or methods, and general knowledge, whereas Indonesian usage often conflates these meanings. Second, the two Qur’anic verses emphasize an integrative ideal that links iman, ‘ilm, and ethical conduct, highlighting social responsibility and the elevated status of knowledgeable believers. Third, these conceptual and scriptural resources support an integrative, contextual, and multidisciplinary model of Islamic education. The study proposes an operational orientation of ‘ilm as epistemically rigorous, ethically grounded, and socially engaged. It concludes that Islamic education in Indonesia should strengthen curricular integration between Qur’anic values, contemporary sciences, and digital literacy; enhance teacher professionalization and inclusive accreditation; and develop interdisciplinary training supported by collaborative research ecosystems. These findings contribute to Islamic educational thought by offering a conceptually grounded framework for aligning Qur’anic epistemology with contemporary educational reform, while also identifying the need for future empirical evaluation of the proposed reforms.

Library Users’ Perceptions of Collection Organization at the Regional Archives and Library Agency of West Sumatra Province

2026-05-20T08:33:08+08:00

Collection arrangement is an essential component of library management because it directly affects information retrieval effectiveness and service quality. However, practical problems such as inconsistent call numbers, inaccurate shelving, and discrepancies between catalog records and the physical location of materials may hinder users in accessing information and shape their perceptions of library services. This study aims to describe library users’ perceptions of collection arrangement at the Regional Archives and Library Service of West Sumatra Province. A quantitative approach with a descriptive quantitative method was employed. The population consisted of 33,184 library users, from which 100 respondents were selected through simple random sampling using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and library research. The research instrument comprised 20 statement items that were tested for validity and reliability using SPSS version 26. The validity test showed that all items had r-count values greater than the r-table value of 0.361, while the reliability test produced a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.829, indicating that the instrument was reliable. The findings reveal that users’ perceptions of collection arrangement were categorized as good, with an overall mean score of 3.15. The clarity of the classification system obtained the highest mean score of 3.22, whereas the accuracy of collection arrangement recorded the lowest mean score of 3.06. These results indicate that call number consistency, classification system clarity, orderly shelving, and ease of information retrieval have adequately supported users in accessing information. The study concludes that collection arrangement is not merely a technical library activity but also a strategic factor in improving service quality and information accessibility. These findings provide practical implications for libraries in improving shelving accuracy, maintaining consistency in collection organization, and optimizing information retrieval systems to develop more effective and user-oriented public library services.

Library Users’ Perceptions of Collection Availability in Fulfilling Information Needs at the Regional Archives and Library Office of West Sumatra Province

2026-05-20T08:44:58+08:00

Library collection availability is essential for fulfilling users’ information needs amid increasingly dynamic information development. This study aims to examine library users’ perceptions of collection availability at the Regional Archives and Library Office of West Sumatra Province, focusing on the relevance, quantity, currency, quality, and completeness of collections in supporting information needs. A quantitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. The population consisted of 33,184 library users, from which 100 respondents were selected through simple random sampling using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through closed-ended questionnaires based on a four-point Likert scale and supported by observation and literature review. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques through mean and grand mean calculations. The findings show that the collection availability variable obtained an average score of 2.99, categorized as good, while the information needs variable achieved an average score of 3.05, also categorized as good. Among the collection availability indicators, collection currency recorded the highest score of 3.07, whereas collection quantity obtained the lowest score of 2.82. For the information needs variable, cognitive needs achieved the highest score of 3.10. These findings indicate that the library collections are perceived as sufficiently capable of fulfilling users’ information needs, particularly in supporting learning activities, research, and knowledge development. The study concludes that collection relevance, quality, currency, and completeness play an important role in strengthening the fulfillment of users’ information needs. These findings provide practical implications for public libraries by emphasizing the need for user-oriented collection development, increased collection quantity, regular collection updates, and expanded digital information resources to improve library service quality continuously.

Systematic Literature Review: Population Density Mapping Using Data Mining

2026-05-20T17:02:52+08:00

Population density is a critical indicator in regional development planning because it is closely associated with public service distribution, transportation systems, healthcare provision, and environmental management. The rapid growth of digital technology has increased the volume and complexity of demographic data, requiring more effective analytical methods for population density analysis. This study aims to analyze the application of data mining in population density mapping based on studies published between 2021 and 2025. A systematic literature review approach was employed by examining 30 scientific articles obtained from Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Crossref. The review process included article identification, literature screening, data collection, and analysis of findings based on the algorithms, research fields, data sources, and analytical methods used in the selected studies. The findings indicate that the most frequently applied algorithms were K-Means Clustering, DBSCAN, and Density Peaks Clustering. Data Mining and Machine Learning emerged as the dominant research field, representing 50% of the analyzed articles. The primary data sources used in the reviewed studies included public datasets, government data, and spatial imagery. The results also show that clustering was the most commonly applied analytical method in population density analysis. These findings demonstrate that clustering techniques are effective for supporting population density mapping and identifying spatial data distribution patterns relevant to regional decision-making. The study contributes to demographic and regional development research by synthesizing recent evidence on the role of data mining in population density mapping and providing a reference for future studies on spatial demographic analysis.

The Effect of Fixed Target and Moving Target Training Methods on Badminton Smash Performance at PB Muda Mandiri

2026-05-20T17:19:00+08:00

Badminton smash accuracy is an important concern in athlete training because the smash is one of the most decisive attacking techniques for gaining points during a match. However, limited research has examined the use of fixed target and moving target training methods to improve smash performance among young athletes at PB Muda Mandiri. This study aims to analyze the effect of fixed target and moving target training methods on badminton smash performance. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design, involving 10 male badminton athletes selected through purposive sampling from a total population of 25 athletes at PB Muda Mandiri. Data were collected using a badminton smash performance test and analyzed through the Lilliefors normality test and t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05. The findings indicate that fixed target and moving target training methods significantly improved badminton smash performance. The average pre-test score was 12, while the average post-test score increased to 20 after the treatment. Hypothesis testing showed that t-count = 4.57 was higher than t-table = 1.833, indicating that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. The study concludes that fixed target and moving target training methods play an important role in enhancing badminton smash performance. These findings contribute to the development of badminton training methods by demonstrating the effectiveness of structured target-based exercises in improving smash accuracy. Practically, the study recommends that coaches integrate fixed target and moving target exercises into technical training programs, while future research should involve larger samples, control groups, and additional performance indicators such as smash speed, power, and match effectiveness.

The Role of the Social Affairs Office in Improving the Social Welfare of the Elderly through the Shelter Home Program in Solok City

2026-06-11T08:24:44+08:00

Population ageing has become a major social welfare issue requiring responsive local government intervention, particularly for neglected elderly people. However, research on the institutional role of local Social Affairs Offices in improving elderly welfare through shelter home programs remains limited, especially in Solok City. This study aims to analyze the role of the Solok City Social Affairs Office in improving elderly social welfare through the Istana Lansia Serambi Madinah Shelter Home Program and to identify obstacles in its implementation. A qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design was employed, involving eight informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the Social Affairs Office performs three main roles: regulator, facilitator, and change agent. These roles are reflected in policy implementation, provision of basic services, temporary accommodation, health assistance, social and spiritual guidance, psychosocial support, and encouragement of elderly social participation. However, program implementation remains constrained by limited budget, inadequate facilities, insufficient professional assistants, and the absence of sustainable empowerment programs. The study concludes that strengthening institutional capacity is essential to improve elderly welfare services in Solok City. These findings contribute to social welfare studies by demonstrating the strategic role of local government institutions in elderly social protection and provide practical implications for improving shelter-based welfare services through stronger budgeting, facility development, professional staffing, and sustainable empowerment programs.

The Influence of TikTok Social Media Use on Improving the Understanding of Fiqh in the Thaharah Chapter of Grade VII Students of MTs Al-Ihsan Kalijaring Jombang

2026-05-20T20:16:50+08:00

Although digital media in Islamic religious education has received considerable scholarly attention, limited studies have specifically examined the use of TikTok social media to improve junior secondary students’ understanding of the thaharah chapter in fiqh. This study aims to examine the effect of TikTok content use on improving students’ understanding of thaharah and to describe students’ responses to its use as a learning medium. A quantitative experimental approach was employed, involving 50 Grade VII students of MTs Al-Ihsan Kalijaring Jombang selected through total sampling. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and a Likert-scale student response questionnaire. The instruments were tested for validity using Pearson product-moment correlation and for reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha. Because the data were not normally distributed, as indicated by the Shapiro–Wilk test (p < 0.05), hypothesis testing was conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. The findings show that TikTok use significantly improved students’ understanding, with the mean score increasing from 41.00 in the pre-test to 76.80 in the post-test, representing an increase of 35.80 points or 87.32%. The Wilcoxon test produced an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05, while the N-Gain score reached 0.60, indicating a moderate level of improvement. The study concludes that TikTok is effective as an alternative learning medium for thaharah material. These findings contribute to Islamic education by demonstrating the potential of audiovisual social media content to support students’ conceptual understanding and provide practical implications for teachers in developing innovative digital learning media aligned with Generation Z’s learning characteristics. Future research may extend this study through longitudinal designs and broader samples.

استراتيجيات تخطيط تعليم النحو في البرامج غير الرسمية: دراسة حالة في برنامج الإيمان بسورابايا

2026-05-20T20:31:17+08:00

This study examines the challenges facing Arabic grammar instruction in non-formal educational environments, where it is often viewed as a difficult and rigid subject due to the dominance of traditional methods that focus on rote memorization of rules without linking them to linguistic context, resulting in weak understanding and low learner motivation. The study aims to analyze instructional planning strategies for teaching grammar in the Al-Iman Specialized Program in Surabaya City by focusing on how learning objectives are formulated, materials are selected, teaching methods are applied, instructional media are used, and the learning process is evaluated. The study adopted a qualitative method using a case study design, with data collected through classroom observation, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and a questionnaire in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of instructional practices within the program. The results showed that the program is characterized by a flexible learning environment and a level-based system, with learning objectives focused on understanding texts and applying rules in their contexts. It was also found that instructional materials are adapted and organized progressively, and that teaching methods combine the inductive approach with traditional methods. The program also uses both traditional and digital instructional media, in addition to continuous and final assessment methods. The results further revealed clear integration among the components of instructional planning. The study concludes that the effectiveness of grammar instruction is closely related to the quality of instructional planning and the integration of its elements, and that combining traditional and modern methods contributes to improving learners’ understanding and reducing the difficulty they experience in grammar. The study emphasizes the need to develop instructional planning strategies in non-formal environments by enhancing interactive learning, expanding the use of technology, activating cooperative learning, and training teachers to design integrated instruction. It also recommends that future quantitative studies be conducted to measure the impact of these strategies on students’ achievement in grammar.

The Legitimacy of Religion and Power: A Study of the Transformation of the Safavid Dynasty from Order to State

2026-05-21T17:14:19+08:00

This study analyzes the transformation of the Safavid Dynasty from a Sufi order into an institutionalized state, with religious legitimacy positioned as a central factor in the formation and consolidation of political power. It aims to demonstrate that religion functioned not only as a belief system but also as a strategic instrument for establishing authority within a premodern socio-political context. This study employed a qualitative approach with a historical-analytical design, using secondary data derived from classical works, academic books, and journal articles. The analysis was conducted using Max Weber’s theory of legitimacy and a political theology approach. The findings indicate that, in its early phase, the Safavid Order relied on religious charismatic authority. Over time, this authority developed into a more structured political power system, particularly under the leadership of Ismail I. The establishment of Twelver Shiism as the official state ideology became a key factor in fostering social integration, strengthening political legitimacy, and shaping a distinctive collective identity. Religious legitimacy was not merely symbolic but was systematically institutionalized through educational, legal, and administrative structures, enabling the continuity of political stability despite internal and external challenges. The study concludes that the Safavid transformation demonstrates how religious legitimacy can operate as an integrative force linking spiritual authority, political structures, and social cohesion in the formation of a sustainable state. These findings contribute to historical and political theology studies by clarifying the role of religious legitimacy in the institutionalization of power in premodern Islamic governance.

Local Culture-Based Ethnomathematics for Strengthening STEAM Literacy in Transdisciplinary Mathematics Education

2026-05-22T06:15:34+08:00

This study aims to describe the implementation of local culture-based ethnomathematics in strengthening STEAM literacy within transdisciplinary mathematics learning. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through thematic analysis of 14 student projects developed by postgraduate students in the Mathematics Education Program at Universitas Negeri Makassar during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through document analysis of student project reports focusing on local culture, geometry, arts, digital technology, and STEAM-based learning. Data analysis was conducted through coding, categorization, theme synthesis, and interpretation. The findings reveal that local culture provides an effective context for STEAM-based transdisciplinary learning by connecting mathematical, scientific, artistic, and technological concepts with students’ real-life experiences. The project themes were predominantly related to local Sulawesi cultural elements, including Tongkonan traditional houses, Lipa’ Sabbe motifs, traditional weaving, Sayyang Pattudu, and natural patterns based on symmetry and fractals. STEAM integration was reflected in the use of GeoGebra and Canva for concept visualization, digital design, and mathematical exploration. The transdisciplinary projects also supported the development of numeracy, scientific, digital, visual, and cultural literacy, as well as 21st-century skills. The study concludes that integrating local culture, transdisciplinary learning, and digital technology has strong potential as an innovative mathematics learning model for supporting the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. These findings contribute to mathematics education by demonstrating how ethnomathematics can strengthen STEAM literacy while preserving local cultural values in technology-enhanced learning environments.

Perceptions of the Accessibility of the Universitas Negeri Padang Library and Publishing Repository among Library and Information Science Students of the 2022 Cohort Using the UTAUT Model

2026-05-22T08:27:48+08:00

Research on technology acceptance in higher education repository services has continued to expand; however, studies specifically examining repository accessibility through the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) remain limited, particularly among Library and Information Science students. This study aimed to describe students’ perceptions of the accessibility of the Repository of the Library and Publishing Center of Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP) using the UTAUT framework. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving 48 active students from the 2022 cohort of the Library and Information Science Study Program selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire developed based on four primary UTAUT indicators: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques, including frequency distribution, percentage analysis, and mean score calculation. The findings showed that all indicators were categorized as good, with mean scores of 2.97 for performance expectancy, 3.02 for effort expectancy, 3.01 for social influence, and 3.01 for facilitating conditions. These results indicate that the UNP repository is perceived as beneficial for supporting academic activities, relatively easy to use, supported by the academic environment, and facilitated by adequate infrastructure and services. The study concludes that the Repository of the Library and Publishing Center of Universitas Negeri Padang provides accessible academic information services for students. These findings contribute to the literature on technology acceptance in higher education repository services and imply the need to improve search features, enhance technical support, and strengthen repository socialization programs to optimize digital information services in higher education institutions.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Detection and Prevention in Educational Internet of Things (EIoT) Using a Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Approach

2026-05-22T08:48:04+08:00

The widespread adoption of electronic learning has made contemporary educational environments increasingly dependent on interconnected devices, enabling smart classrooms and remote monitoring systems. However, this technological advancement has also introduced substantial cybersecurity risks due to the vulnerabilities of unprotected, heterogeneous, and networked devices. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are among the most disruptive threats, as they can interrupt online classes, data access, and other educational services by flooding educational networks with illegitimate traffic. Existing signature-based DDoS detection mechanisms remain inadequate for Internet of Things (IoT) environments because of the dynamic nature of modern attacks and the resource limitations of connected devices. To address this challenge, this study proposed a hybrid deep learning model integrating Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units, attention mechanisms, and incremental learning to enhance DDoS detection and prevention in Educational Internet of Things (EIoT) networks. The CNN layers were used to extract spatial features from network traffic, while the LSTM units captured temporal patterns and the attention mechanisms identified relevant traffic behavior. The incremental learning component employed geometric metrics to enable the model to capture previously unknown attack patterns. Experimental evaluation using the CIC-IoT2023 and BoT-IoT datasets showed that the proposed model achieved 99% detection accuracy for both known and emerging attacks in EIoT scenarios, supported by real-time traffic filtering and Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-based mitigation as prevention strategies. The model demonstrated strong adaptability, reduced false positives, and advanced AI-hybridized capabilities for DDoS detection and prevention in EIoT environments. These findings indicate that the proposed model is effective for detecting and preventing DDoS attacks against EIoT infrastructures and contributes to the development of adaptive cybersecurity solutions for technology-enhanced educational systems.

Manifestations of Dual Religiosity among Bemba Catholics: Beliefs and Practices within Indigenous Supernatural Cosmology in Muchinga Province, Zambia

2026-05-22T08:57:11+08:00

Although dual religiosity has received increasing scholarly attention, its implications for religious identity and practice among Catholics in contemporary Zambia remain insufficiently understood. This study examines the manifestation of dual religiosity among Bemba Catholics in Muchinga Province, Zambia, with particular attention to beliefs and practices shaped by African Indigenous Religion (AIR) cosmology of supernatural powers and Catholicism. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, data were collected from 20 Bemba Catholics and four Catholic priests through interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that dual religiosity among Bemba Catholics is reflected both in belief systems and in the performance of religious duties, particularly through interpretations shaped by AIR spiritual, supernatural, and magical worldviews. Participants maintained belief in God and spiritual intermediaries, viewed divine punishment as a consequence of wrongdoing, and recognised oaths, vows, and covenants as binding religious and moral commitments. The findings also show deep reverence for ancestors alongside continued engagement with practices associated with witchcraft, sorcery, magic, divination, witch-hunting, traditional healing, and the use of traditional medicines. The study concludes that African traditional beliefs continue to influence the religious practices of African Christians, shaping how Catholic identity is understood and enacted in local contexts. Its contribution lies in clarifying how dual religiosity operates within Bemba Catholic communities and in highlighting the need for church leaders to develop context-sensitive pastoral assistance programmes for Catholics who negotiate multiple religious commitments. The study further encourages ecclesial dialogue on the integration of cultural practices with conversion approaches that respect local traditions while addressing the pastoral challenges of dual religiosity.

Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Solving Stochastic Differential Equations

2026-05-24T06:55:01+08:00

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are fundamental tools for modeling systems with inherent randomness across finance, physics, biology, and engineering; however, traditional numerical methods, including Monte Carlo simulations and Euler–Maruyama schemes, often face substantial computational challenges, particularly in high-dimensional settings. This study aims to develop and evaluate a comprehensive Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) framework as an efficient approach for solving SDEs. The proposed methodology embeds physical laws and stochastic dynamics directly into the neural network architecture through a carefully designed loss function that incorporates PDE residuals, initial conditions, and boundary constraints. The framework was evaluated through extensive numerical experiments on benchmark problems, including geometric Brownian motion, Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes, and multi-dimensional stochastic systems. The findings indicate that PINNs achieve accuracy comparable to traditional numerical methods while providing substantial computational advantages, especially for parametric studies and real-time applications. Across all test cases, relative L2 errors consistently remained below 2%, and computational speedups reached up to 1000 times compared with Monte Carlo methods after network training. The proposed framework also demonstrated strong scalability for higher-dimensional problems, addressing the curse of dimensionality commonly associated with conventional numerical approaches. This study concludes that PINNs offer a promising paradigm for the efficient and accurate solution of stochastic differential equations. Its contribution lies in advancing scientific machine learning for stochastic modeling and opening further opportunities for uncertainty quantification and real-time computational applications.

The Effect of Digital Finance Usage and Green Awareness on Responsible Consumerism among Students of the Economic Education Study Program at Universitas PGRI Jombang

2026-05-24T07:05:20+08:00

The increasing use of digital financial services and the growing importance of environmental awareness have become central factors in shaping responsible consumption behavior among university students. This study aims to analyze the effect of digital finance usage and green awareness on responsible consumerism among students of the Economic Education Study Program at Universitas PGRI Jombang. A quantitative approach with an explanatory research design was employed. The population comprised 107 students from the 2022–2025 cohorts, from which 85 respondents were selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 27. The findings indicate that digital finance usage has a positive and significant effect on responsible consumerism, with a regression coefficient of 0.383 and a significance value of 0.000. Green awareness also has a positive and significant effect, with a regression coefficient of 0.636 and a significance value of 0.000. Simultaneously, digital finance usage and green awareness significantly influence responsible consumerism, as reflected in an Adjusted R Square value of 0.837. The study concludes that effective use of digital financial services and strong environmental awareness encourage more responsible and sustainable consumption behavior among students. These findings contribute to the literature on financial behavior and sustainable consumption by highlighting the combined role of digital finance and green awareness in promoting responsible consumerism, while also implying the need to strengthen digital financial literacy and environmental education in higher education institutions.

Securing Regional Influence in a Contested Pacific: The Pukpuk Treaty as Instrument of Australia’s Foreign Policy toward Papua New Guinea

2026-05-24T16:03:15+08:00

Although geopolitical competition in the Pacific has attracted increasing scholarly attention, studies specifically examining the Pukpuk Treaty as a multidimensional instrument of Australia’s foreign policy toward Papua New Guinea (PNG) remain limited. Existing scholarship has largely emphasized Australia–China rivalry at the macro-regional level, while the interaction between strategic competition, bureaucratic dynamics, and defense diplomacy within the treaty framework remains underexplored. This study aims to analyze how Australia uses the Pukpuk Treaty to maintain regional influence amid intensifying geopolitical competition in the Pacific. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research examines Australia–PNG security relations within the broader Indo-Pacific strategic environment. Data were collected through document analysis and literature review of official government publications, policy reports, bilateral cooperation documents, and academic literature. The analysis applies Neoclassical Realism, the Bureaucratic Politics Model, and Defense Diplomacy as complementary analytical frameworks. The findings indicate that the Pukpuk Treaty reflects a shift in Australia’s Pacific strategy from development-oriented engagement toward institutionalized security cooperation. The treaty functions not only as a bilateral defense arrangement but also as a mechanism for preserving Australia’s regional leadership, strengthening institutional alignment with PNG, and limiting China’s growing influence. The study concludes that the Pukpuk Treaty plays an important role in shaping regional security architecture and alignment dynamics in the Pacific. This study contributes to foreign policy and Indo-Pacific security studies by clarifying how defense diplomacy, bureaucratic interests, and strategic competition intersect in Australia’s engagement with PNG.

The Inflammatory Basis of Atherosclerosis: Current Understanding and Future Therapeutic Directions

2026-05-24T17:14:05+08:00

Although atherosclerosis has increasingly been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease, comprehensive reviews that integrate the inflammatory mechanisms underlying atherosclerotic progression remain limited. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on inflammation-driven pathways in atherosclerotic lesion development and evaluate the clinical relevance of targeting these pathways. A narrative review approach was employed through examination of experimental studies, pathological evidence, and clinical trials identified from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with literature selected based on its relevance to inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis. The findings indicate that endothelial inflammatory responses initiate lesion development by promoting immune cell infiltration into the vessel wall, while persistent immune activity accelerates plaque growth and disease progression. Clinical evidence further shows that targeted anti-inflammatory therapies, particularly IL-1β inhibition and colchicine, can significantly reduce cardiovascular events, although therapeutic responses vary across patient populations. These findings support the evolving paradigm of atherosclerosis as an immune-mediated disease and clarify the interplay between inflammation, lipid metabolism, and vascular pathology. The review concludes that inflammation represents a central and therapeutically relevant mechanism in atherosclerosis. Its contribution lies in advancing cardiovascular immunology literature while offering practical implications for clinicians and policymakers to prioritize inflammation assessment and consider anti-inflammatory strategies in high-risk populations. Future research should further examine context-specific inflammatory phenotypes, optimal intervention timing, plaque-specific biomarkers, and the integration of anti-inflammatory approaches with existing cardiovascular therapies.

Biodegradative Capability of Molecularly Identified Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains on Palm Oil-Polluted Soil

2026-05-24T17:29:41+08:00

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an important source of edible vegetable oil derived from the fruit mesocarp; however, oil extraction commonly generates wastewater and residues that may be discharged into the environment without adequate treatment. Because microorganisms can degrade organic contaminants in palm oil mill effluent and oil-contaminated matrices, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens for remediating palm oil-contaminated soil. Palm oil and P. fluorescens isolates were obtained from Fiditi Oil Mill and Ajayi Crowther University, respectively, in Oyo State, Nigeria. Uncontaminated soil, oil mill soil, and purposefully contaminated soil were used as experimental control samples, while four purposefully contaminated soil samples and four oil mill soil samples were treated with P. fluorescens under varying soil sterilization and tillage conditions. The isolate was identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and a 12-week field bioremediation trial was conducted to assess microbial load and residual oil content. The 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the isolate as P. fluorescens MN607218.1. Residual oil in tilled sterile purposefully contaminated soil decreased from 0.13 g on day 0 to 0.10 g by week 12, whereas the corresponding non-sterile soil showed a greater reduction to 0.07 g by week 12. These findings indicate that P. fluorescens can effectively degrade palm oil in contaminated soil, particularly under non-sterile conditions, and may serve as a promising microbial agent for environmental cleanup of palm oil-contaminated sites.

Molecular Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria in Irrigation Water from Zamfarawa River Jega, Kebbi State, Nigeria

2026-05-24T18:00:34+08:00

This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial load and pathogenic bacterial contamination of irrigation water used in Zamfarawa Farms, Jega Town. A total of nine irrigation water samples were collected from three different farms. Bacterial enumeration was conducted using the standard plate count method, while coliform levels were estimated using the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. Biochemical tests were performed for bacterial identification, and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by agarose gel electrophoresis was used to confirm selected bacterial isolates. The overall mean bacterial count in the irrigation water samples was 5.7 × 10⁸ CFU/mL. Farm A recorded the lowest bacterial load, followed by Farm B, while Farm C showed the highest bacterial load. The occurrence data indicated that Salmonella typhi was the most frequently isolated bacterium from Zamfarawa River irrigation water, appearing in 78% of the samples, followed by Bacillus cereus at 22%. Coliform contamination was also detected, with MPN indices of 17 (95% CI: 5–46) in Farms A and C and 14 (95% CI: 4–34) in Farm B, exceeding the reported international standard of 1 log₁₀ CFU/mL. PCR results confirmed the presence of bacterial DNA fragments corresponding to Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus subtilis. These findings indicate that irrigation water in the study area was contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, likely associated with untreated wastewater, sewage-contaminated water supplies, untreated organic manure, and poor hygiene practices during farming activities. The study concludes that the use of contaminated irrigation water may represent an important route for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to agricultural produce and consumers. This study contributes to agricultural microbiology and public health by highlighting the need for routine microbial monitoring, improved wastewater management, and safer irrigation practices in vegetable production systems.

The Effectiveness of the Cigarette Tax Earmarking Policy for Healthcare Financing in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-05-25T05:59:22+08:00

Optimizing cigarette tax earmarking is important as a fiscal instrument to support healthcare financing and strengthen Regional Original Revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah [PAD]) in Indonesia. Although this policy has been normatively regulated through various legal frameworks, its regional implementation continues to face challenges, including ineffective fund utilization, weak supervision, and limited transparency and accountability in budget management. This study aims to analyze the contribution of cigarette tax to regional revenue and evaluate the effectiveness of cigarette tax earmarking in supporting healthcare financing in Indonesia. A qualitative approach using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was employed. Data were collected from relevant national and international scientific journal articles indexed in Google Scholar, SINTA, and Garuda. The literature selection process followed the PRISMA framework through identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion stages. Based on this process, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that cigarette tax contributes significantly to regional revenue and has substantial potential to support healthcare financing through an earmarking mechanism. However, policy implementation remains suboptimal because of a persistent gap between regulatory design and practical execution. Major obstacles include low tax revenue realization, inappropriate budget allocation, weak monitoring systems, and disparities in regional governance capacity. The study concludes that cigarette tax earmarking in Indonesia is normatively sound but operationally weak, requiring stronger supervision, transparency, and accountability in fund management. This study contributes to public finance and health policy literature by clarifying the fiscal role and implementation constraints of cigarette tax earmarking, while its practical implications emphasize the need to improve regional fiscal governance to strengthen healthcare financing and regional fiscal autonomy.

Needs Analysis for Developing an Environmental Learning Model in an Environmental Knowledge Course

2026-05-26T06:42:50+08:00

Environmental learning in Biology Education Study Programs plays an important role in developing the ecological competencies of prospective biology teachers. However, the Environmental Knowledge course continues to face challenges, including the dominance of theoretical instruction, limited integration of local environmental issues, and insufficient implementation of contextual and experiential learning activities, which may hinder students’ ability to connect environmental concepts with real-life phenomena. This study aims to analyze the need for developing an environmental learning model for the Environmental Knowledge course in the Biology Education Study Program. A descriptive quantitative survey method with a needs assessment approach was employed. The participants consisted of 85 Biology Education students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a needs analysis questionnaire covering learning difficulties, preferred instructional methods, digital technology needs, and students’ expectations regarding environmental learning models. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The findings indicate that students had strong needs for contextual learning (92.8%), field-based activities (94.1%), strengthening environmental literacy (93.5%), collaborative learning (90.4%), and stronger connections between theory and practice (91.7%). Students also expressed a high need for the integration of digital technologies into environmental learning. The study concludes that the development of an environmental learning model should prioritize contextual, experiential, collaborative, digitally supported, and student-centered learning. This study contributes to environmental education and biology teacher education by providing empirical needs assessment evidence as a foundation for designing an environmental learning model aligned with the learning needs of prospective biology teachers.

Human Resource Transformation of the Merah Putih Cooperative in Sinjai Regency

2026-05-26T07:45:09+08:00

Human resource (HR) transformation is a major challenge in developing the Merah Putih Cooperative in Sinjai Regency, particularly in responding to digitalization and strengthening cooperative institutions. Low digital literacy, limited managerial capability, weak innovation culture, and slow leadership regeneration have hindered the cooperative’s optimal development. This study aims to analyze the condition of HR transformation, identify the challenges faced by the cooperative, and formulate strategies for strengthening HR at the Merah Putih Cooperative in Sinjai Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Research informants consisted of cooperative administrators, cooperative members, cooperative assistants, and representatives of the Sinjai Regency Cooperative and MSME Office. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model. The findings indicate that cooperative HR transformation has not yet been implemented optimally. Most cooperatives continue to rely on manual administrative systems and have limited digital capability. However, some cooperatives have begun to transform through digital training, social media use, and collaboration with universities. The study also found that transformational leadership and member participation are important factors supporting successful cooperative transformation. The study concludes that strengthening digital competence, adaptive organizational culture, and innovative leadership is essential for developing modern and competitive cooperatives. Its implications emphasize the need for sustainable training programs and multi-stakeholder collaboration to support cooperative HR development.

Mudir’s Strategy in Shaping the Religious Character and Discipline of New Santri through a Quarantine Program: A Case Study at Pondok Pesantren Islam Haji Miskin

2026-05-26T20:26:55+08:00

Among educational institutions with distinctive characteristics, Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) represent a unique educational model because of their flexibility in developing innovative and creative management practices. Parents commonly choose pesantren due to concerns about students’ character formation and discipline, making the development of religious character and disciplined behavior a major managerial challenge. This study aims to describe the strategies employed by the mudir in developing the religious character and discipline of new santri through the quarantine program at PPI Haji Miskin and to identify the factors supporting the implementation of these strategies. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The findings indicate that the development of students’ religious character and discipline through the quarantine program is implemented through three main strategies: providing selected instructional materials, including daily practical fiqh, Qur’anic tahsin, active Arabic language learning, moral conduct (adab), and self-reliance; establishing habituation practices through systematically scheduled activities; and positioning teachers as role models through Islamic dress, communication using the official pesantren language, worship practices, and exemplary conduct within the boarding school environment. The implementation of the mudir’s strategy is supported by several factors, including the need to accelerate the formation of religious character among new santri, reduce adaptation difficulties during the first month, improve Qur’anic recitation skills, strengthen Arabic language discipline, and apply parenting knowledge obtained from the Dormitory Educator Academy. The study concludes that the quarantine program functions as a structured managerial strategy for accelerating religious character formation, discipline, and adaptation among new santri. This study contributes to Islamic educational management by highlighting how leadership, habituation, instructional design, and teacher modeling can be integrated to strengthen character education in pesantren contexts.

Islamic Civilization in the Nusantara during Indonesia’s Old Order: Historical Developments and Educational Transformations

2026-05-26T20:40:03+08:00

This historical-documentary study examines Islamic education policy and its societal impacts in the Indonesian archipelago during the Old Order period (1945–1966). It aims to analyze how the newly independent Indonesian state institutionalized religious education through the establishment of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, legal recognition of madrasahs, and the development of teacher and judge training programs, including PGA and PHIN. Using qualitative library research, the study drew on primary government documents, legal texts, archival records, and secondary literature, which were analyzed through thematic classification and historical interpretation. The findings reveal persistent tensions between nationalist state-building, reflected in Pancasila-oriented pluralism and Indonesian socialism, and Islamic communities seeking to preserve and modernize pesantren and madrasah traditions. Old Order policies expanded formal access to Islamic education, as shown by the growth of madrasahs and curriculum reforms integrating general and religious subjects. However, implementation remained uneven because of limited funding, political suspicion toward Islamic movements, and divergent visions among state actors, religious scholars, and community organizations. The study further shows that Islamic educational institutions were both preserved and reshaped as they entered the state system, producing important human-capital and cultural contributions while leaving persistent gaps in equity, quality assurance, and curricular harmonization. The study concludes that Islamic education policy during the Old Order played a formative role in defining the relationship between religion, education, and national development in Indonesia. Its implications emphasize the need for policy approaches that respect traditional pedagogies, ensure sustainable funding, and align curricula without eroding the communal and religious functions of Islamic education.

The Relationship between Digital Literacy and the Effectiveness of ChatGPT Utilization in Academic Information Retrieval

2026-05-27T15:24:55+08:00

The increasing integration of ChatGPT into higher education has underscored its potential to support academic information retrieval; however, its effective use depends on students’ digital literacy, particularly their ability to critically understand, evaluate, and apply information. This study aimed to examine students’ digital literacy levels, the effectiveness of ChatGPT use in academic information retrieval, and the relationship between these variables among 2022 cohort Library and Information Science students at Universitas Negeri Padang. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 100 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using validity, reliability, normality, descriptive, and Pearson Product Moment correlation tests with IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings showed that students’ digital literacy was categorized as high, with a grand mean score of 3.14, while the effectiveness of ChatGPT use was also categorized as high, with a grand mean score of 3.04. The correlation analysis revealed a strong and significant relationship between digital literacy and the effectiveness of ChatGPT use, as indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0.660 and a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05). These findings indicate that higher levels of digital literacy are associated with more effective ChatGPT utilization in academic information retrieval. This study contributes to the growing literature on artificial intelligence use in higher education and highlights the importance of strengthening students’ digital literacy and information evaluation skills to promote ethical, critical, and responsible ChatGPT-assisted academic practices.

Japan’s Defense Strategy Transformation in the Indo-Pacific: Relevance, Opportunities, and Challenges for Indonesia’s Defense Diplomacy

2026-05-28T06:32:29+08:00

Japan’s defense diplomacy in the Indo-Pacific has received increasing scholarly attention, particularly in relation to the evolution of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy and regional security dynamics. However, studies specifically examining the transformation of Japan’s defense diplomacy from FOIP 1.0 to FOIP 3.0 and its strategic implications for Indonesia remain limited. This study aims to analyze the transformation of Japan’s defense diplomacy in the Indo-Pacific and assess its strategic implications for Indonesia. Employing a qualitative case study design, this research examines Japan’s evolving defense diplomacy architecture in the Indo-Pacific region. Data were collected through document analysis of official government documents, defense white papers, policy reports, and relevant academic literature, and were analyzed using thematic and content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that Japan’s defense diplomacy has shifted from a traditionally reactive security posture toward a more proactive, multidomain, and technology-oriented strategy encompassing maritime security, cybersecurity, space cooperation, alliance interoperability, and Official Security Assistance (OSA). The findings further show that Japan increasingly functions as a proactive security provider through multidomain cooperation and institutionalized defense diplomacy mechanisms. This study contributes to the development of Neoclassical Realism and defense diplomacy literature by demonstrating how states adapt to systemic pressures through non-coercive security instruments and multidomain engagement. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of balanced and adaptive defense diplomacy for Indonesia in strengthening maritime security, cybersecurity, and strategic autonomy amid intensifying Indo-Pacific geopolitical competition. The study offers practical implications for policymakers in designing adaptive and balanced defense cooperation strategies and provides opportunities for further comparative research on defense diplomacy among Indo-Pacific middle powers.

Library Users’ Perceptions of Social Inclusion-Based Library Programs in the West Sumatra Provincial Archives and Library Service

2026-05-28T08:29:41+08:00

Social inclusion-based library programs have been developed to strengthen libraries as spaces for learning, community empowerment, and equitable information access. However, their implementation continues to face challenges related to promotion, information dissemination, program continuity, and user participation, making evaluation from users’ perspectives essential. This study aimed to describe users’ perceptions of the social inclusion-based library program implemented at the Regional Archives and Library Office of West Sumatra Province. A quantitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. The study population consisted of 474 library users, from whom 87 respondents were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and Likert-scale questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics through mean and grand mean calculations. The findings revealed that users’ perceptions of the program were categorized as good, with an overall mean score of 3.16. The collection indicator obtained a mean score of 2.96, physical accessibility 3.21, marketing 3.16, partnership 3.18, program implementation 3.24, and training 3.26. These results indicate that the program positively supports information access, service accessibility, activity communication, collaborative engagement, program implementation, and users’ skills development. The study concludes that social inclusion-based library programs contribute positively to expanding learning opportunities and supporting community empowerment. These findings contribute to the literature on inclusive library services and provide practical implications for strengthening collection development, promotional strategies, partnerships, and service quality to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of social inclusion-based library programs.

Scaffolding Instruction of Nahwu and Sharaf through the Kitab al-Kamal

2026-05-29T05:56:41+08:00

This study is motivated by the limited research on the implementation of the Kitab Al-Kamal method in Arabic grammar learning, despite its significant role in strengthening students’ understanding of nahwu and sharaf in Islamic educational contexts. This study aims to explore the implementation process of the Kitab Al-Kamal method and analyze its impact on students’ grammatical comprehension and learning engagement. A qualitative case study design was employed, involving one Arabic language teacher and a group of students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using thematic analysis based on an interactive model of data analysis. The findings reveal that the Kitab Al-Kamal method contributes significantly to enhancing students’ grammatical awareness, analytical skills in sentence structure, and active participation in learning. The results also indicate a shift in students’ learning behavior from passive memorization to active and independent understanding. These findings support the theoretical perspective that structured and scaffolded learning approaches can improve language comprehension. The study concludes that the Kitab Al-Kamal method plays a crucial role in strengthening students’ mastery of nahwu and sharaf. The implications include theoretical contributions to Arabic language pedagogy and practical recommendations for educators to adopt structured, gradual, and interactive learning models. This study also suggests opportunities for future research on the integration of traditional Arabic grammar learning methods with digital learning media.

Digital Transformation in Improving the Quality of Member Services at KPRI Makassar State University

2026-05-30T06:19:26+08:00

Digital transformation has become both a challenge and a strategic necessity for cooperatives in improving the quality of member services in the era of information technology. KPRI Makassar State University, as an employee cooperative within a university environment, faces service challenges related to the limitations of conventional administration, suboptimal access to information, and increasing member demands for fast, transparent, and digital-based services. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital transformation in improving the quality of member services at KPRI Makassar State University and to identify its impacts and implementation obstacles. A qualitative case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving cooperative administrators, administrative staff, and cooperative members selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that digital transformation improves the quality of member services through administrative digitalization, online service systems, digital payments, and faster, more transparent technology-based communication. Digital transformation positively contributes to the service quality dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. However, the study also identifies obstacles related to members’ limited digital literacy and insufficient human resources in information technology. This study concludes that digital transformation is an important strategy for modernizing cooperative services. The findings contribute to the literature on cooperative service innovation and provide practical implications for strengthening digital competencies, developing technology-based service systems, and implementing sustainable cooperative digitalization policies to increase member satisfaction and loyalty.

Isti’żān as a Mechanism for Protecting Privacy and Individual Honor in the Tafsir of Mafātīḥ al-Ghaib by Fakhruddin Ar-Rāzī

2026-05-31T06:36:22+08:00

This article examines Fakhruddin ar-Rāzī’s interpretation of the isti‘żān verses in QS. an-Nūr 27–29, with Mafātīḥ al-Ghaib as the primary source. The study focuses on three main aspects: the interpretive character of Mafātīḥ al-Ghaib, ar-Rāzī’s exegetical treatment of the isti‘żān verses, and the implications of this interpretation for the protection of privacy and individual honor. Using a bibliographical approach and thematic analysis, this article shows that ar-Rāzī does not understand isti‘żān merely as a form of visiting etiquette, but as an ethical-legal framework that protects private space from disturbance, surveillance, and unauthorized entry. Mafātīḥ al-Ghaib demonstrates a distinctive integration of rational, linguistic, theological, and juridical interpretation, connecting the meaning of the verses to broader social structures. In ar-Rāzī’s interpretation, permission, greetings, body position, repeated requests for entry, the occupant’s right to refuse, and the prohibition of peeping constitute preventive mechanisms for safeguarding personal privacy, tranquility, dignity, and authority over private space. The study concludes that the central implication of ar-Rāzī’s interpretation of isti‘żān lies in its recognition of privacy as an inherent right of every individual, including within family relations and close social relationships. These findings contribute to Qur’anic studies by highlighting the relevance of classical exegesis to contemporary discussions on privacy, dignity, and ethical boundaries in social life.

The Influence of Online Customer Reviews, Online Customer Ratings, Cash on Delivery, Free Shipping Taglines, and Product Bundling on Purchase Decisions of Marina Products at the Official Shopee Store

2026-05-31T06:47:09+08:00

The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has transformed consumer behavior in online purchasing decisions, particularly as consumers increasingly rely on informational and promotional signals before completing digital transactions. Previous studies on the effects of online customer reviews, online customer ratings, Cash on Delivery, free shipping taglines, and product bundling on purchasing decisions have produced inconsistent findings. This study aims to analyze the effects of online customer reviews, online customer ratings, Cash on Delivery, free shipping taglines, and product bundling on purchasing decisions for Marina products at the Shopee Official Store. This study employed a quantitative method with an explanatory research design. The population consisted of students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universitas Wijayakusuma Purwokerto who had purchased Marina products through the Shopee Official Store. Using purposive sampling, 100 respondents were selected as the research sample. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that online customer reviews, online customer ratings, Cash on Delivery, free shipping taglines, and product bundling have positive and significant effects on purchasing decisions. Product bundling emerged as the most dominant factor influencing purchasing decisions, whereas Cash on Delivery had the lowest yet still significant effect. The coefficient of determination value of 76.9% indicates that the independent variables strongly explain variations in purchasing decisions. The study concludes that digital marketing strategies based on information quality, promotional incentives, and transaction security play important roles in strengthening consumer purchasing decisions on marketplace platforms. These findings contribute to digital marketing literature by clarifying the combined influence of consumer-generated information, payment security, and promotional strategies, while providing practical implications for companies to improve review quality, maintain product ratings, optimize free shipping promotions, strengthen Cash on Delivery services, and develop product bundling strategies aligned with consumer needs.

Commodity Hoarding by Farmers in West Lombok through the Lens of Maqaṣid al-Shariʿah: A Socio-Legal Analysis

2026-06-01T16:32:48+08:00

Food commodity storage by farmers remains a critical issue in Islamic economic ethics, particularly when legitimate survival strategies intersect with the risk of market distortion and public harm. This study examines food commodity storage and hoarding practices among farmers in West Lombok Regency, Indonesia, through the perspectives of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh muʿāmalāt) and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. Employing a qualitative socio-legal research design, the study integrates normative Islamic legal analysis with the socio-economic realities of smallholder farmers operating within imperfect market structures. Data were obtained through a systematic literature review, doctrinal legal analysis, and contextual examination of local food market dynamics. The findings indicate that farmers’ storage practices are jurisprudentially permissible when motivated by legitimate economic survival needs and when they do not cause material harm (maḍarrat) to the wider public. However, such practices become prohibited as iḥtikār when conducted in an organized manner that creates artificial scarcity and triggers price increases detrimental to consumers. The Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah framework, particularly the protection of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl), and public interest (al-maṣlaḥah al-ʿāmmah), provides a context-sensitive analytical lens that moves beyond rigid doctrinal prohibition while recognizing the structural vulnerabilities of peasant economies. This study contributes to Islamic socio-legal scholarship by demonstrating the relevance of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah in evaluating commodity storage practices and offers practical implications for integrating Islamic legal-ethical values into national food policy to support a just, sustainable, and welfare-oriented food system.

The Role of Metacognitive Scaffolding in Mathematical Communication on Mathematics Students

2026-06-02T08:18:41+08:00

Although written mathematical communication is central to students’ ability to express reasoning coherently, the role of metacognitive scaffolding in connecting internal thinking with external mathematical discourse remains insufficiently examined. This study investigates whether metacognitive scaffolding functions as a bridge between internal thought and external discourse in students’ written mathematical communication and whether initial metacognitive awareness moderates this effect. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed with 72 mathematics education students. The experimental group received six sessions of metacognitive scaffolding through guided prompts, such as “What is your first step and why?” and “How does this step connect to the next?”, whereas the control group received conventional instruction without such prompts. Written mathematical communication was assessed using a validated test measuring structural coherence, including logical flow, mathematical language use, and step-linking. Metacognitive awareness was measured using an adapted Metacognitive Awareness Inventory questionnaire. The ANCOVA results revealed a significant and large effect of metacognitive scaffolding on structural coherence, ηp² = 0.292, p < .001, with the strongest effects observed in logical flow and step-linking. Metacognitive awareness also significantly moderated the intervention effect, B = -3.41, p = .009, indicating that students with lower initial metacognitive awareness benefited most from the intervention. Qualitative think-aloud protocols further showed that scaffolding activated internal discourse, promoted the use of logical connectors, and strengthened self-monitoring during written mathematical explanation. These findings contribute to commognitive theory by demonstrating that improving external mathematical communication can support internal cognitive processes. Practically, the study suggests that mathematics educators can integrate metacognitive prompts into worksheets to help students produce more coherent written explanations, particularly those with underdeveloped metacognitive skills.

Reducing Extraneous Cognitive Load to Improve Analytic Geometry Problem Solving among Undergraduate Mathematics Students

2026-06-02T08:31:56+08:00

Mathematical problem solving in higher education requires students to coordinate symbolic, graphical, and conceptual information within limited cognitive resources. This study examines the effect of extraneous cognitive load on undergraduate mathematics students’ problem-solving performance in an Analytic Geometry course and determines whether cognitively optimized task presentation can improve performance by reducing unnecessary mental effort during mathematical reasoning. A within-subject explanatory mixed-methods design was employed with 25 mathematics department students. Participants completed equivalent Analytic Geometry problem-solving tasks under two presentation conditions: a conventional format and a cognitively optimized format. Data were collected through problem-solving tests, perceived extraneous cognitive load ratings, time-on-task records, written solution analysis, and semi-structured interviews. The results showed that students achieved higher problem-solving scores in the cognitively optimized condition than in the conventional condition. They also reported lower extraneous cognitive load and completed the tasks in less time. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that higher extraneous cognitive load was associated with lower problem-solving performance, suggesting that unnecessary processing demands constrained students’ mathematical reasoning. Qualitative findings supported these results by showing that students benefited from integrated diagrams, clearer symbolic representations, and reduced information search. The study concludes that extraneous cognitive load is a critical factor in undergraduate mathematical problem solving and that optimizing instructional presentation can improve cognitive efficiency without reducing mathematical rigor. These findings contribute to research on cognitive load, mathematical thinking, and educational technology, while offering practical implications for designing Analytic Geometry learning materials that support efficient and meaningful mathematical reasoning.

The Acculturation of New Santri in the Culture of Islamic Boarding Schools (A Case Study of Al-Fattahiyyah Islamic Boarding School, Boyolangu, Tulungagung)

2026-06-03T07:52:35+08:00

The diversity of social, cultural, and behavioural backgrounds among newly enrolled students in Islamic boarding schools often creates adaptation challenges, particularly in pesantren that integrate salafiyah traditions with modern educational approaches. This study aims to examine the acculturation process of new santri at Al-Fattahiyyah Islamic Boarding School, Boyolangu, Tulungagung, and to identify the factors influencing their successful adaptation to the pesantren environment. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Participants were purposively selected and included newly enrolled santri as primary informants, supported by pesantren administrators, senior santri, and caregivers. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that acculturation occurs gradually through several interconnected stages, including environmental introduction, social interaction, adjustment to institutional rules and routines, and the eventual acceptance and internalization of pesantren values. Internal factors, including age, personality, motivation, and attitudes, as well as external factors, including cultural background, social environment, institutional systems, and previous experiences, significantly shape students’ adaptation processes. The study concludes that acculturation among new santri is a dynamic sociocultural process that extends beyond institutional compliance and contributes to the internalization of religious values, discipline, independence, and social responsibility. This study contributes to Islamic education and pesantren studies by highlighting acculturation as a structured yet relational process of value internalization. Its practical implications emphasize the need to strengthen orientation programmes, mentoring systems involving senior santri, and socio-emotional support mechanisms to facilitate more effective and humane adaptation within Islamic boarding school environments.

The Effectiveness of Online Circulation Service (SIDARING) in Supporting Services at the Library Unit of Universitas Negeri Padang

2026-06-03T08:01:16+08:00

The effectiveness of digital circulation services in academic libraries has become increasingly important for supporting accessibility, efficiency, and continuity of library services in the post-pandemic era. However, the implementation of digital systems does not automatically ensure optimal service effectiveness, particularly when user needs and service utilization patterns continue to evolve. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Online Circulation Service (Sirkulasi Dalam Jaringan/SIDARING) in supporting services at the Library Unit of Universitas Negeri Padang using the Electronic Service Quality (E-Servqual) framework. A quantitative approach with a descriptive design was employed to obtain an empirical overview of users’ perceptions of SIDARING effectiveness. The study involved 100 respondents selected through simple random sampling from a population of 3,794 SIDARING users. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 30 items measured on a four-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The findings indicate that SIDARING generally operates effectively, as reflected in positive evaluations across six E-Servqual dimensions: efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, privacy, responsiveness, and contact. Privacy and contact obtained the highest evaluations, indicating strong user trust in data security and communication accessibility, while efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and responsiveness remained in the high category, suggesting adequate service performance in meeting user needs. The study concludes that SIDARING functions effectively as a digital circulation service that improves convenience, accessibility, and service continuity in academic library environments. This study contributes to digital library service evaluation by demonstrating the applicability of the E-Servqual framework in assessing online circulation services, with practical implications for system optimization, communication improvement, technical maintenance, and user-oriented service innovation.

Implementation of Ziyadah and Murojaah to Improve Students' Memorization Completeness at MTSN 1 Purworejo

2026-06-04T06:37:16+08:00

The tahfiz programme in Islamic education plays a strategic role in strengthening students’ religious character, yet its effectiveness depends on the balance between adding new memorization and maintaining previously memorized verses. This study examines the implementation of ziyadah and murojaah in the Al-Qur’an tahfiz programme at MTs Negeri 1 Purworejo and analyzes the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting students’ memorization quality and quantity. A qualitative descriptive field design was employed. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving the principal, tahfiz teachers, and students. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, with source triangulation applied to ensure validity. The findings show that ziyadah is implemented systematically every morning before regular classes through supporting techniques such as talaqqi and tikrar. Meanwhile, murojaah is conducted both independently and structurally through tasmi’ evaluations and scheduled recitations. These practices positively influence students’ memorization outcomes, as reflected in increased memorization quantity, with many students reaching the targeted juz, and improved memorization quality, indicated by greater fluency, stronger mutqin, and better conformity with tajwid and makhraj. The supporting factors include strong student motivation, full institutional support from the madrasah, competent teachers, and active parental involvement. The inhibiting factors include limited time due to academic workloads, physical fatigue, and students’ lack of concentration. To address these challenges, the madrasah applies motivational learning variations, routine memorization assessments, and consistent murojaah habituation. This study contributes to Islamic education practice by demonstrating that the structured integration of ziyadah and murojaah can sustain tahfiz targets while strengthening both the quantity and quality of students’ Qur’anic memorization.

Determinants of Firm Value in IDX ESG Leaders: ESG Risk Rating, Financial Performance, and Eco-Efficiency

2026-06-04T07:38:56+08:00

Firm value is an important indicator of corporate performance and investor perception, particularly among companies that apply sustainability principles. The increasing attention to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices and environmental efficiency highlights the need for empirical evidence on whether ESG risk rating, financial performance, and eco-efficiency contribute to firm value. This study aims to examine the effects of ESG risk rating, financial performance, and eco-efficiency on firm value among IDX ESG Leaders companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2022–2024. A quantitative methodology was employed, involving a sample of 22 listed companies selected through purposive sampling from a population of 40 companies. Data were collected through documentation from official reports issued by the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the companies’ official websites, and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 27. The findings show that ESG risk rating does not significantly influence firm value, whereas financial performance and eco-efficiency have significant effects on firm value. These results indicate that firm value among IDX ESG Leaders companies is more closely associated with financial performance and eco-efficiency than with ESG risk rating. The findings suggest that investors respond more strongly to financial performance and environmental efficiency when assessing firm value. This study contributes to sustainability accounting and corporate finance literature by providing empirical evidence on the determinants of firm value in ESG-oriented Indonesian listed companies. The practical implication is that companies should maintain strong financial performance and strengthen eco-efficiency practices to enhance firm value, while future studies are encouraged to extend the period of analysis and include other relevant variables.

The Effect of GEN-NIK (Marriage-Ready Generation) E-Comic-Based Educational Media on University Students’ Perceptions of Marriage in Banyumas

2026-06-05T07:47:04+08:00

The growing “marriage is scary” phenomenon in digital media has contributed to negative perceptions of marriage among university students, highlighting the need for engaging and contextual educational media that foster a more balanced understanding of marriage. This study aims to analyze the effect of GEN-NIK (Generasi Siap Nikah) e-comic-based marriage education on university students’ perceptions of marriage. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed. The study involved 147 unmarried university students aged 20–21 years, selected through purposive sampling from three higher education institutions in Banyumas. Data were collected using a marriage perception questionnaire adapted from the Marriage Perception Scale and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The findings showed an increase in students’ positive perceptions of marriage after the intervention, as reflected in the rise of the mean perception score from 75.25 to 82.95. Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect, p < .001, with a large effect size, r = 0.79. These findings indicate that GEN-NIK e-comic-based marriage education significantly improves university students’ perceptions of marriage. The study contributes to marriage education and youth development by demonstrating the potential of digital comic-based media as a communicative, contextual, and engaging educational tool. Its practical implications emphasize the importance of developing accessible digital learning media to strengthen marriage literacy, reduce negative misconceptions about marriage, and support marriage preparedness among university students.

The Influence of Fiqh Thaharah Practices and Consistency in Performing Dhuha Prayer on the Morals of Seventh-Grade Students at Darul Hijroh Canden Islamic Junior High School Boarding School, Academic Year 2025/2026

2026-06-05T19:27:03+08:00

Students’ moral development in Islamic educational settings is closely related to the habituation of worship practices, including fiqh thaharah and consistency in performing dhuha prayer. This study aims to examine the influence of fiqh thaharah practices and dhuha prayer consistency on the moral character of seventh-grade students at MTs Pondok Pesantren Darul Hijroh Canden during the 2025/2026 academic year. A quantitative field research approach with an ex post facto correlational design was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation, and documentation using a saturated sampling technique. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics through multiple linear regression, supported by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The findings indicate that fiqh thaharah practices and consistency in performing dhuha prayer positively and significantly influence students’ moral character, both partially and simultaneously. Students with stronger worship habituation tended to demonstrate better discipline, responsibility, and moral awareness. The study concludes that structured worship habituation contributes to strengthening students’ moral development in Islamic educational institutions. This study contributes to Islamic education and character education by providing empirical evidence on the role of religious practice habituation in shaping students’ moral character. The practical implication is that Islamic educational institutions should design systematic, consistent, and supervised worship habituation programmes to support sustainable character formation among students.

Sanad-Based Learning and Teaching Resources: Relevance, Implementation, and Challenges in Contemporary Islamic Education

2026-06-06T09:03:57+08:00

Although learning resources in the digital era have received considerable attention, research specifically addressing the integration of modern learning resources with the traditional sanad-based learning system in Islamic education remains limited. This study aims to analyze the concept of learning resources from the perspective of Islamic education, explain the nature and urgency of sanad-based learning, and formulate strategies for integrating modern learning resources with Islamic scholarly traditions. A qualitative approach with a library research design was employed, using relevant literature selected through a purposive literature selection strategy. Data were collected through documentation of textual sources and analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that learning resources in Islamic education are holistic, encompassing revelational (naqli), rational-empirical (‘aqli and tajribi), and spiritual (irfani) dimensions. Within this framework, teachers serve as central authorities through sanad, which functions as a quality assurance mechanism that ensures the validity, authority, and spiritual value of knowledge. These findings contribute to the development of Islamic educational methodology and extend current understanding of contemporary sanad-based learning platforms and curricula. The study concludes that synergy between modern learning resources and the sanad tradition is essential for maintaining the quality, authenticity, and sustainability of Islamic education in the digital era. The implications include theoretical contributions to Islamic pedagogy and practical guidance for Islamic educational institutions in implementing sanad digitalization, curriculum integration, and adaptive learning platforms. This study also opens opportunities for further empirical research on the challenges of verifying digital sanad authority.

التعلّم المعتمد على البطاقات التعليمية لتنمية إتقان المفردات العربية في التعليم غير النظامي

2026-06-06T19:27:04+08:00

Arabic vocabulary is an essential element in language acquisition; however, its teaching in non-formal education contexts still faces multiple challenges, particularly regarding the limited availability of instructional media and weak learner interaction. Therefore, there is a need to employ simple and effective instructional media, including flash cards. This study aims to describe the use of flash cards in developing vocabulary mastery among fourth-grade students at the Imam Muslim Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM) in Sidoarjo. The study adopted a qualitative approach with a case study design. It involved an Arabic language teacher and several students who were selected purposively. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document study, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the use of flash cards was carried out through stages consisting of card introduction, matching activities, and learning evaluation. This medium also contributed to creating an active, enjoyable, and meaningful learning environment and helped learners strengthen their understanding of vocabulary and retain it in memory. The findings revealed that student motivation and teacher creativity were among the success factors, whereas the main challenges included limited media and differences in learners’ levels. These results indicate that the effectiveness of flash cards is not limited to their visual aspect but is also related to integrated teaching strategies and learner participation. Accordingly, this medium is an appropriate and effective option for teaching Arabic vocabulary in non-formal education settings and opens opportunities for further studies using diverse approaches.

في تنمية مهارة القراءة العربية (Think Pair Share - TPS) أثر نموذج فكر–زاوج–شارك

2026-06-06T19:42:43+08:00

This study stems from the limited research on the application of the cooperative learning model “Think–Pair–Share” in developing Arabic reading skills among junior high school students, despite its importance in improving text comprehension and activating classroom participation. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the “Think–Pair–Share” model in developing Arabic reading skills, describe its implementation mechanism in the classroom, and measure its effect on improving learning outcomes and the level of female students’ participation. The study adopted Classroom Action Research, and the research sample consisted of 18 eighth-grade female students at State Islamic Junior High School 1 Probolinggo in Indonesia, who were selected purposively. Data were collected using reading tests, observation sheets, and educational documents, then analyzed using a descriptive quantitative approach by calculating means, percentages, and classifying achievement levels. The results showed a noticeable improvement in the female students’ Arabic reading skills after the implementation of the “Think–Pair–Share” model, as the mean score increased from 65 in the pre-cycle stage to 75 in the first cycle and then to 90 in the second cycle. The mastery percentage also increased from 25% to 50%, then reached 100% at the end of the implementation, which aligned with the research objectives and supported social constructivist theory, which emphasizes the role of interaction in knowledge construction. The study concluded that the “Think–Pair–Share” model is effective in developing Arabic reading skills, improving the level of classroom participation, and enhancing interaction in the classroom. The implications of the study lie in its theoretical contribution to the literature on cooperative learning and its practical recommendations for Arabic language teachers regarding the need to adopt interactive teaching strategies. The study also suggests conducting future research to apply the model to other language skills, such as writing, listening, and speaking, and in broader educational contexts.

The Effect of Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at LLDIKTI Region X Padang

2026-06-07T09:31:00+08:00

Although digital literacy has been widely examined in organizational and educational contexts, research specifically analyzing its effect on employee performance within the LLDIKTI environment remains relatively limited. This study aims to analyze the effect of digital literacy on employee performance at LLDIKTI Region X. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed, involving 73 respondents selected through saturation sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through simple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The findings indicate that digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at LLDIKTI Region X, as shown by a t-value of 5.911 and a significance level of p < .05. The coefficient of determination, R² = .330, indicates that digital literacy contributes 33% to employee performance, while the remaining variance is explained by other factors outside the model. These findings demonstrate that employees with stronger digital literacy tend to show better performance in carrying out work tasks within higher education service institutions. This study contributes to the literature on digital literacy and human resource performance by emphasizing the importance of digital competence in improving workplace effectiveness. The practical implication is that LLDIKTI Region X should continue strengthening employees’ digital competencies through systematic training, mentoring, and professional development programmes. Further research is recommended to examine additional organizational, technological, and individual factors that may influence employee performance.

The Influence of Investment Knowledge, Investment Motivation, Minimum Capital, Financial Literacy, Investment Risk, and Investment Return on Stock Investment Interest among University Students in Purwokerto

2026-06-07T09:41:50+08:00

University students’ interest in stock investment remains varied despite the increasing accessibility of capital market participation through technological advancement and investment facilities. This condition indicates a gap between expanding investment opportunities and students’ readiness to engage in rational investment behaviour. This study aims to analyze the influence of investment knowledge, investment motivation, minimum capital, financial literacy, investment risk, and investment return on stock investment interest among university students in Purwokerto. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-explanatory design was employed, involving students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Wijayakusuma University, Purwokerto, from the 2022–2024 cohorts. A total of 93 respondents were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression, supported by classical assumption tests, the F-test, t-test, and coefficient of determination analysis. The findings reveal that investment knowledge, investment motivation, minimum capital, financial literacy, investment risk, and investment return positively and significantly influence students’ stock investment interest. Investment knowledge emerged as the most dominant variable, while the model explained 62.20% of the variation in investment interest. The study concludes that students’ stock investment interest is shaped by cognitive, psychological, financial, and evaluative factors. This study contributes to financial behaviour and capital market education literature by demonstrating the multidimensional determinants of student investment interest. The practical implications emphasize the need to strengthen investment education, financial literacy, and affordable investment access to encourage informed and sustainable student participation in stock investment activities.

Effect of Digital Payments on Consumer Behavior Mediated by Trust among Jombang High School Students

2026-06-08T20:45:45+08:00

The increasing use of digital payment systems among senior high school and vocational school students has raised concerns about their potential influence on consumptive behaviour through convenience, accessibility, and transaction efficiency. This study aims to analyze the effect of digital payment usage on consumptive behaviour among students in Jombang and examine the mediating role of trust in usage. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed, involving 362 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that digital payment usage significantly affects trust in usage but does not directly influence consumptive behaviour. Meanwhile, trust in usage significantly influences consumptive behaviour and mediates the relationship between digital payment usage and consumptive behaviour. These findings indicate that digital payment usage shapes students’ consumptive behaviour indirectly through the formation of trust in digital payment systems. The study contributes to digital financial behaviour literature by demonstrating the mediating role of trust in explaining how digital payment adoption may influence adolescent spending tendencies. The practical implications emphasize the importance of strengthening digital financial literacy, responsible spending awareness, and critical understanding of digital transaction risks among students to promote healthier financial behaviour in the digital economy.

Near-Surface Characterization Using Integrated MASW and Seismic Refraction Tomography: A Scoping Review

2026-06-08T21:08:19+08:00

Subsurface characterization is essential in engineering geology, geotechnical engineering, hydrogeology, and disaster mitigation because subsurface material conditions influence soil stability, seismic response, weak-zone identification, and infrastructure suitability. This study aims to map the development, characteristics, advantages, limitations, and research gaps related to the use of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) in subsurface analysis. A scoping review approach was employed following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Literature was obtained from ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink for the 2012–2026 publication period. Of the 852 articles identified, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed further. The findings show that MASW is effective for identifying variations in shear wave velocity (Vs), Vs30, soft layers, soil stiffness, and dynamic site response, whereas SRT is more effective for mapping compression wave velocity (Vp), layer thickness, bedrock boundaries, and lithological contrasts. The integration of MASW and SRT provides more robust subsurface interpretation, particularly in landslide, karst, landfill, sabkha, hydrogeological, and post-earthquake areas. However, several important research gaps remain, including the lack of standardized integration protocols, limited investigation depth, minimal validation with borehole data, ambiguity in integration with Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio methods, insufficient systematic modeling of water content, and the limited number of studies in tropical, swamp, and peat environments. This study contributes to near-surface geophysical research by synthesizing current evidence on MASW and SRT integration and identifying methodological priorities for improving subsurface characterization in complex geological settings.

Optimization of Sol-Gel-Derived TiO2-Based Thin Films for Methylene Blue Photodegradation: A Systematic Review

2026-06-08T21:47:30+08:00

TiO₂-based thin films are among the most widely developed photocatalytic materials for degrading organic pollutants because of their chemical stability, low toxicity, relatively low production cost, and compatibility with various deposition methods. However, their photocatalytic performance is strongly influenced by synthesis parameters, crystal phase, particle size, crystallite size, morphology, substrate type, and material modification strategies. This review aims to analyze the relationship between TiO₂ thin-film synthesis parameters and methylene blue degradation efficiency based on 14 articles published between 2015 and 2024. The findings indicate that the sol-gel method is the most dominant synthesis approach, applied through dip coating, spin coating, drop coating, spray coating, and combinations with electrodeposition and magnetron sputtering. A thermal treatment range of 450–600 °C was identified as the most effective condition because it promotes anatase crystallinity while minimizing excessive crystal growth and agglomeration. High photocatalytic performance was generally associated with anatase phase dominance, small to moderate crystallite size, open or uniformly distributed morphology, and material modifications that improve charge separation. Among the reviewed modified materials, the optimum condition was achieved in 40PVP/SnO₂/TiO₂ thin films calcined at 600 °C for 2 h, with a crystallite size of approximately 8.6 nm and methylene blue degradation of about 90.4%. For pure TiO₂ thin films, the optimum condition was obtained through heat-assisted sol-gel spin coating with 48 h sol aging and annealing at 600 °C, producing a crystallite size of approximately 10–15 nm and methylene blue degradation of about 92.90%. This review concludes that optimizing TiO₂ thin films should not focus solely on reducing crystallite size but should integrate control of phase composition, crystallinity, morphology, and charge separation efficiency. The study contributes to photocatalytic material development by synthesizing key synthesis-performance relationships that can guide future optimization of TiO₂-based thin films for organic pollutant degradation.

The Effect of Financial Ratios, Economic Value Added, and Market Value Added on Stock Returns of Transportation and Logistics Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

2026-06-11T07:59:41+08:00

Stock return fluctuations in the transportation and logistics sector underscore the need to identify financial and market-based factors that inform investment decision-making. This study examines the effects of Current Ratio, Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio, Economic Value Added, and Market Value Added on stock returns among transportation and logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2019–2024. A quantitative approach was employed using panel data from 11 companies selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using panel data regression with the Common Effect Model in EViews 12. The findings show that Current Ratio, Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Economic Value Added have no significant effect on stock returns, whereas Market Value Added has a positive and significant effect. These results indicate that market-based indicators are more relevant than internal financial indicators in explaining stock return variations in the transportation and logistics sector. The study concludes that investor confidence and a firm’s capacity to create market value are key determinants of stock return performance. The findings contribute to the literature on capital market performance by emphasizing the explanatory role of market value creation and provide practical implications for firms and investors in strengthening firm value, market confidence, and evidence-based investment decisions.

Development of Google Classroom-Based Learning Media for Strengthening Premarital Education from a Pancasila Education Perspective among Grade XI Social Humanities Students at MA Al-Fattahiyyah

2026-06-11T08:10:23+08:00

Pancasila Education learning at MA Al-Fattahiyyah remains largely dependent on conventional instructional approaches, resulting in the limited integration of digital media into premarital education materials. This condition reduces learning interactivity and restricts student engagement in the instructional process. This study aimed to develop Google Classroom-based learning media to strengthen premarital education from the perspective of Pancasila Education and to evaluate its validity and feasibility. The study employed a Research and Development approach using the ADDIE model, comprising the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The participants included a media expert, a subject-matter expert, and Grade XI Social Humanities students at MA Al-Fattahiyyah. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation and were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings showed that the media expert validation score reached 93.75%, the subject-matter expert validation score reached 93.75%, the small-group trial achieved 94.5%, and the large-group trial obtained 93.8%, resulting in an overall average score of 93.95%, which was categorized as highly valid. The study concludes that the developed Google Classroom-based learning media is feasible for instructional implementation in Pancasila Education. These findings contribute to the development of digital learning media for premarital education and imply that Google Classroom can enhance instructional quality, learning motivation, and students’ understanding of premarital education materials.

ESG Disclosure in Explaining Financial Performance with Firm Size as a Moderating Variable Empirical Study on Banking Sub-Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, 2020–2024

2026-06-11T08:18:44+08:00

Although ESG disclosure has received increasing scholarly attention, research examining the disaggregated effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance disclosure on banking profitability and the moderating role of firm size in the Indonesian banking sector remains limited. This study aimed to analyze and empirically test the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance disclosure on the financial performance of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2024, as measured by Return on Assets, and to examine the moderating role of firm size in these relationships. A quantitative approach with a causal-associative design was employed, involving 12 banking companies selected through purposive sampling from 46 IDX-listed banks. Data were obtained from Bloomberg Terminal for ESG pillar scores and audited annual financial reports and were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings show that Environmental Disclosure and Governance Disclosure have positive and significant effects on Return on Assets, whereas Social Disclosure has a significant negative effect. Firm size positively affects Return on Assets and moderates all three ESG–financial performance relationships by weakening the positive effects of Environmental and Governance Disclosure while mitigating the negative effect of Social Disclosure. These findings indicate that ESG dimensions do not uniformly enhance banking profitability and that firm size shapes the financial implications of ESG disclosure. The study contributes to the development of legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory in sustainable banking and extends understanding of size-contingent ESG effects in emerging markets. The findings imply that bank management, regulators, and the OJK should adopt size-differentiated ESG disclosure strategies to strengthen sustainable financial performance and support more context-sensitive ESG governance in the Indonesian banking sector.

The Relationship between Working Parents’ Parenting Patterns and Children’s Independence in Kindergarten in Nagari Lubuk Malako, Sangir Jujuan District, South Solok Regency

2026-06-11T17:07:18+08:00

Children’s independence is an essential developmental aspect of early childhood education because it reflects their ability to manage themselves, complete simple tasks, and assume responsibilities appropriate to their developmental stage. This study aims to examine the relationship between working parents’ parenting patterns and children’s independence in kindergartens in Nagari Lubuk Malako, Sangir Jujuan District, South Solok Regency. A quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational method was employed. The population comprised 112 parents of kindergarten children from TK Annur Koto Tuo Lubuk Malako, TK Raudhatul Ilmi Koto Gadang, and TK Kasih Bunda, with 53 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire based on indicators of parenting patterns and children’s independence and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson product–moment correlation with SPSS. The findings indicate a relationship between working parents’ parenting patterns and children’s independence. The R² value of 0.206 shows that parenting patterns accounted for 20.6% of the variance in children’s independence, while the remaining 79.4% was influenced by other factors. This study concludes that consistent, communicative, and democratic parenting plays an important role in supporting children’s independence. These findings contribute to early childhood education by emphasizing the relevance of parenting quality in fostering children’s autonomy and responsibility during the kindergarten stage.

The Influence of Government Size, Intergovernmental Transfers, Regional Expenditure, and Audit Findings on Local Government Financial Performance in Indonesia

2026-06-11T17:20:34+08:00

Local government financial performance is a key indicator for evaluating the success of regional autonomy and the effectiveness of public financial management. However, disparities in financial performance across Indonesian provinces reflect differences in fiscal capacity and the quality of regional financial governance. This study aims to analyze the effects of government size, intergovernmental transfers, regional expenditure, and audit findings on local government financial performance in Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed using secondary data obtained from the Audit Reports of the Supreme Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia for the 2022–2024 period. The sample comprised 34 provincial governments selected through purposive sampling, yielding 102 observations. Data were analyzed using panel data regression with EViews 13. The findings reveal that government size and regional expenditure have a significant negative effect on local government financial performance. In contrast, intergovernmental transfers have a significant positive effect, while audit findings have no significant effect. These results indicate that effective resource management and fiscal capacity play a more decisive role in strengthening financial performance than asset magnitude or the number of audit findings. This study contributes to public sector financial management literature by providing empirical evidence on the determinants of provincial financial performance in Indonesia. The practical implications emphasize the need to optimize asset management, utilize intergovernmental transfers effectively, and allocate regional expenditure toward more productive activities to improve financial performance and strengthen local fiscal independence.

The Relationship between Self-Efficacy, School Climate, and Student Engagement in Elementary Education

2026-06-11T17:33:07+08:00

Although self-efficacy, school climate, and student engagement are widely recognized as important determinants of academic participation, empirical understanding of their interrelated dynamics in elementary education remains limited. This study aims to examine the individual and collective relationships among self-efficacy, school climate, and student engagement among upper-grade elementary students. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, involving 43 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale instruments and analyzed using Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and first-order partial correlation with IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The findings reveal that self-efficacy has a statistically significant positive relationship with student engagement (r = 0.606, p < .05), as does school climate (r = 0.570, p < .05). Together, self-efficacy and school climate explain 43.8% of the variance in student engagement (R² = 0.438, p < .05). Partial correlation analysis further confirms that self-efficacy (r = 0.409, p < .05) and school climate (r = 0.332, p < .05) each remain significantly associated with student engagement after mutual statistical control. These findings indicate that student engagement in elementary education is shaped by both intrapersonal factors and contextual learning environments. This study contributes to educational psychology and elementary education literature by integrating personal and environmental perspectives on student engagement. Practically, the findings imply that schools should strengthen students’ self-belief while fostering supportive, inclusive, and motivating school climates to enhance learning engagement.

Keywords: Self-Efficacy; School Climate; Student Engagement; Elementary Education; Learning Environment

Flipped Classroom in Mathematics Learning: Efforts to Improve Learning Outcomes and Self-Efficacy of MTs Students

2026-06-15T16:34:49+08:00

Although low mathematics achievement and weak student self-efficacy remain persistent concerns in junior secondary education, evidence on the use of student-centered digital learning models in MTs mathematics classrooms remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom learning model in improving mathematics learning outcomes and self-efficacy among eighth-grade students at MTsN 10 Agam. A quasi-experimental method with a posttest-only group design was employed. The population comprised all eighth-grade students across four classes, with class VIII.4 assigned as the experimental group and class VIII.1 as the control group through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a mathematics achievement test and a self-efficacy questionnaire and analyzed using a t-test with SPSS. The findings showed that students in the experimental class achieved higher mathematics learning outcomes than those in the control class, with mean scores of 78.88 and 57.80, respectively, and a significant t-test result (tcount = 4.876 > ttable = 1.68). Students’ self-efficacy was also higher in the experimental class than in the control class, with mean scores of 99.04 and 92.70, respectively, supported by the hypothesis test result (tcount = 1.70 > ttable = 1.68). SPSS analysis further indicated a significance value of 0.000, confirming the effect of the Flipped Classroom model. These findings demonstrate that the Flipped Classroom learning model is effective in improving both mathematics learning outcomes and self-efficacy among MTs students. The study contributes to mathematics education by highlighting the pedagogical value of integrating technology and digital media to support independent learning, strengthen conceptual understanding, and enhance students’ confidence in their mathematical abilities.

The Influence of Online Customer Reviews, Online Customer Ratings, Convenience, and Trust on Product Purchase Decisions on the Shopee Application among Students in Purwokerto

2026-06-15T16:47:51+08:00

The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed consumer purchasing behavior in online environments, particularly under conditions of information asymmetry and transaction uncertainty. In such contexts, consumers increasingly rely on online customer reviews, online customer ratings, platform convenience, and marketplace trust as evaluative cues in making purchase decisions. This study aimed to examine the influence of online customer reviews, online customer ratings, convenience, and trust on purchase decisions among university students using the Shopee application in Purwokerto. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed, involving 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The respondents were students who had completed at least two purchases on Shopee within the previous six months. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that online customer reviews, online customer ratings, convenience, and trust each have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Among these variables, convenience emerged as the most influential determinant of purchasing behavior. The coefficient of determination indicates that the four independent variables collectively explain 77.7% of the variance in purchase decisions. The study concludes that information quality, platform usability, and consumer trust are critical factors shaping online purchasing decisions in e-commerce environments. These findings contribute to the literature on digital consumer behavior by demonstrating the combined role of informational, functional, and relational factors in purchase decision-making, while offering practical implications for e-commerce platforms to optimize review and rating systems, improve user convenience, and strengthen consumer trust to sustain competitiveness in the digital marketplace.

The Effect of the Inquiry Learning Model on Scientific Literacy and Critical Thinking Skills of Fifth-Grade Students at SDN Sukadanau 04

2026-06-16T09:51:37+08:00

Scientific literacy and critical thinking skills are essential competencies for students in responding to the demands of twenty-first-century education. However, various assessments indicate that Indonesian students’ scientific literacy remains relatively low, underscoring the need for instructional models that actively engage learners in inquiry-based knowledge construction. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Inquiry Learning model on the scientific literacy and critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students at SDN Sukadanau 04. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was employed. The sample consisted of 60 students divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected through observation, interviews, tests, and documentation, and were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent sample t-tests, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that the Inquiry Learning model had a positive and significant effect on students’ scientific literacy and critical thinking skills. The independent sample t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), while regression analysis produced an R² value of 0.707, indicating that the model substantially explained improvements in the measured competencies. These findings demonstrate that Inquiry Learning is more effective than conventional instruction in enhancing scientific literacy and critical thinking skills among elementary school students. The study contributes to science education by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of Inquiry Learning as an alternative instructional model for fostering twenty-first-century competencies in elementary education.

The Influence of Brand Image, Trust, Perceived Value, and Electronic Word of Mouth on Purchase Decisions for Hanasui Products on TikTok Shop

2026-06-16T10:01:36+08:00

The rapid growth of TikTok Shop as a social commerce platform has reshaped consumer purchasing behavior in the beauty industry, particularly by integrating product promotion, peer interaction, and transaction processes within a single digital environment. However, the determinants of purchase decisions for local cosmetic products on TikTok Shop remain underexplored. This study aimed to examine the effects of brand image, trust, perceived value, and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on consumers’ purchase decisions regarding Hanasui products on TikTok Shop. A quantitative approach with an explanatory research design was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires from 100 Hanasui consumers in Purwokerto who had purchased products through TikTok Shop, using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that brand image, trust, perceived value, and e-WOM have positive and significant effects on purchase decisions, with perceived value emerging as the most influential predictor. Collectively, these four variables explain 50.7% of the variance in purchase decisions. The study concludes that consumers’ purchase decisions in social commerce environments are shaped by brand perception, consumer trust, perceived product value, and digital information generated through online interactions. These findings contribute to the literature on social commerce and digital consumer behavior by demonstrating the combined role of cognitive, relational, and informational factors in cosmetic product purchase decisions, while offering practical implications for companies to strengthen brand image, enhance trust, optimize product value, and manage e-WOM more effectively.

Indonesia’s UNIFIL Dilemma: Balancing Strategic Autonomy and Peacekeeping Risks after the 2026 Casualties

2026-06-16T17:12:40+08:00

Although Indonesia’s participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations has received considerable scholarly attention, research specifically addressing the intersection of defense diplomacy, strategic autonomy, and rising peacekeeping risks within the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) remains limited. This study aimed to analyze how Indonesia balances its defense diplomacy objectives and strategic autonomy amid escalating operational risks affecting peacekeeping personnel in southern Lebanon. A qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical case study design was employed, relying on purposively selected documentary sources relevant to Indonesia’s participation in UNIFIL. Data were collected through document analysis of United Nations reports, UNIFIL publications, Indonesian government documents, policy statements, academic literature, and reputable international media sources. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis through data reduction, categorization, interpretation, and synthesis of recurring themes. The findings indicate that deteriorating security conditions in southern Lebanon have significantly transformed the operational environment of peacekeeping missions, increasing personnel vulnerability and operational unpredictability for troop-contributing countries, including Indonesia. Despite these growing risks, Indonesia has maintained its participation in UNIFIL while strengthening institutional preparedness, diplomatic engagement, and force protection considerations. The findings further suggest that Indonesia’s continued participation reflects a strategic balancing process between maintaining international legitimacy and responding to domestic accountability concerning personnel safety. This study contributes to defense diplomacy and strategic autonomy literature by demonstrating that peacekeeping participation increasingly requires institutional adaptation under volatile and high-risk operational conditions. The study concludes that stronger institutional preparedness and multilateral coordination are essential to sustaining Indonesia’s peacekeeping commitments in increasingly unstable conflict environments. Its implications include theoretical contributions to peacekeeping and defense diplomacy scholarship and practical relevance for policymakers in strengthening deployment preparedness and peacekeeper protection mechanisms.

Vaccine Hesitancy in the Administration of Hepatitis B Birth Dose Immunization to Newborns: A Parental Belief Perspective

2026-06-16T17:28:19+08:00

Vaccine hesitancy in newborn immunization has become an important concern in maternal and child health services, particularly in the administration of Hepatitis B birth dose immunization. However, research specifically addressing parental belief as a determinant of refusal or delay in Hepatitis B0 immunization remains limited. This study aimed to describe vaccine hesitancy in the administration of Hepatitis B birth dose immunization to newborns from the perspective of parental belief. A qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design was employed, involving one postpartum mother and her newborn selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through anamnesis, observation, physical examination, neonatal care documentation, and midwifery records. The data were analyzed descriptively by comparing clinical findings with relevant immunization standards and theoretical concepts of vaccine hesitancy. The findings indicate that the newborn was clinically stable, born at term, and received essential newborn care, including eye ointment and vitamin K1 injection. However, Hepatitis B0 immunization was refused by the mother on the basis of family belief, despite the provision of health education and informed consent. This case demonstrates that vaccine hesitancy in neonatal care may be shaped not only by access to services or clinical eligibility but also by belief-based and trust-related considerations within the family. The study concludes that parental belief plays a critical role in decisions to refuse Hepatitis B0 immunization for newborns. These findings contribute to the literature on vaccine hesitancy in maternal and child health by providing case-based insight into belief-driven immunization refusal and offer practical implications for midwives and health workers to provide earlier, empathetic, and culturally sensitive counseling during antenatal care.

مشكلات رغبة الطلاب في تعلم اللغة العربية بالمرحلة الابتدائية: دراسة حالة سياقية لتفاعل العوامل النفس‌لغوية والبيداغوجية

2026-06-18T07:40:03+08:00

The problem lies in the low interest of fifth-grade students at Al-Zainiyyah Elementary School in learning Arabic. The research gap appears in the limited attention of previous studies to addressing this problem from a local contextual perspective that integrates psychological and pedagogical factors within a specific institution. The methodology adopted a qualitative approach as a case study, in which data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with the teacher, principal, and students, and documents, and were analyzed according to the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that weak learning interest results from a negative intersection between internal psycholinguistic obstacles, such as language anxiety and difficulty memorizing vocabulary, and a monotonous external teaching style based on lecturing; nevertheless, the findings showed surprising behavioral variation and an immediate shift toward active participation when language games were introduced. The conclusion indicates that learning interest is not a static variable, but rather a dynamic response governed by the quality of external instructional stimuli capable of dismantling students’ mental barriers. The implications are reflected in the need to reconstruct a differentiated curriculum matrix and institutionalize game-based learning and gamification strategies as a sustainable environment that meets the cognitive needs of elementary school children.

The Full Day School System and School Environment on the Formation of Student Character at MAN 8 Jombang

2026-06-18T20:16:31+08:00

Student character formation is one of the central objectives of education, and the implementation of a full-day school system and a supportive school environment is considered important in strengthening students’ character development. However, challenges remain, including student fatigue caused by extended learning hours and variations in the internalization of character values among students. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the full-day school system, the school environment, and their simultaneous influence on student character formation at MAN 8 Jombang. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed. The population consisted of 753 students, from which 262 students were selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and direct questionnaire distribution, and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. The findings indicate that the full-day school system has a positive effect on student character formation, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a regression coefficient of 0.318. The school environment also has a positive effect, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a regression coefficient of 0.412. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence student character formation, as indicated by an F-value of 188.615 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.593. This means that the full-day school system and school environment collectively contribute 59.3% to student character formation, while the remaining 40.7% is explained by other factors outside the scope of this study. The study concludes that improving the quality of full-day school implementation and strengthening school environmental management are essential for sustainable character formation. These findings provide practical implications for schools, teachers, students, and parents to build collaborative character education practices in madrasah contexts.

The Relationship between Information Literacy Competence and Library Users' Information-Seeking Behavior at the Library of the Padang Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health

2026-06-19T19:09:54+08:00

The rapid expansion of information technology has broadened access to digital information resources; however, users do not always possess adequate competence to locate, evaluate, and use information effectively. This condition underscores the importance of information literacy as a key competency shaping information-seeking behavior in academic library contexts. This study aims to examine the relationship between information literacy competence and information-seeking behavior among users of the Library of Padang Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 99 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics and Spearman Rank correlation. The findings show that users’ information literacy competence was categorized as very high (mean = 3.32), while their information-seeking behavior was categorized as high (mean = 3.20). Correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between information literacy competence and information-seeking behavior (r = 0.595; p < 0.001). These findings indicate that higher information literacy competence is associated with more effective information-seeking behavior. The study contributes to the literature on academic library services by demonstrating the relevance of information literacy in supporting effective access to and use of information. Practically, the findings highlight the need to strengthen information literacy programs to improve library service quality and support students’ academic success.

Development of Physics Learning Media Integrated with Artificial Intelligence and Islamic Values on Free Fall Motion Material

2026-06-21T06:48:19+08:00

The need for innovative physics learning media that integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Islamic values has become increasingly important in supporting meaningful science learning, particularly in abstract topics such as free fall motion. This study aimed to develop AI-based physics learning media integrated with Islamic values for students at SMP Tastafi Abu Lamkawe, Pidie Regency, Aceh. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. Data were collected through expert validation and student response questionnaires. The findings showed that the developed media obtained a material expert validation score of 72.2%, categorized as feasible; a media expert validation score of 84%, categorized as feasible; a tafsir expert validation score of 73.3%, categorized as feasible; and a student response score of 79.54%, indicating positive and effective use. The media integrated Islamic values by encouraging tafakkur in understanding free fall phenomena as part of sunnatullah. These findings indicate that the developed media is valid, feasible, and effective for supporting physics learning. The study contributes to the development of integrative science education by demonstrating the potential of AI-based learning media to connect scientific concepts with Islamic values, while providing practical implications for teachers and educational institutions in designing innovative, spiritually oriented physics learning resources.

Students’ Mastery of Medical Vocabulary Learning Need at SMK Medika Pekalongan

2026-06-20T08:40:23+08:00

Medical vocabulary mastery is a fundamental component of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction in vocational health education; however, the complexity of medical terminology, particularly terms derived from Latin and Greek, often creates substantial learning challenges for students. This study aimed to identify the difficulties experienced by eleventh-grade students at SMK Medika Pekalongan in mastering English medical vocabulary and to examine the factors contributing to these difficulties. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving 36 students from the Medical Laboratory Technology program as respondents for the questionnaire and vocabulary test, while 10 students participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were collected through vocabulary tests, questionnaires, and interviews and were analyzed using qualitative data analysis procedures consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that students faced multiple difficulties in mastering medical vocabulary, particularly in understanding the meanings of medical terms, memorizing vocabulary, pronouncing and spelling terms accurately, and comprehending texts containing extensive medical terminology. The vocabulary test results showed varied levels of mastery, with an average score of 67. Questionnaire findings indicated that most students perceived medical vocabulary as more difficult than general English vocabulary. The main factors contributing to these difficulties included insufficient practice, limited learning resources, unfamiliar Latin-based terminology, and inadequate instructional time. Interview data further indicated that students needed more interactive, contextualized, and practice-oriented learning methods to support better understanding and retention of medical terminology. The study concludes that medical vocabulary mastery remains a significant challenge for vocational health students and requires instructional approaches aligned with their specific vocational learning needs. These findings contribute to ESP instruction by emphasizing the importance of needs-based, contextualized, and practice-oriented strategies for improving medical vocabulary learning in vocational health education settings.

The Influence of Learning Discipline and Time Management on Student Learning Achievement in Economics Subjects at MA Midanutta’lim Jogoroto

2026-06-20T20:58:17+08:00

Learning achievement is a key indicator of educational success and is influenced by internal factors such as learning discipline and time management. In Islamic boarding school-based madrasahs, students must balance formal academic responsibilities with intensive religious activities, making discipline and effective time allocation essential for academic performance. This study aimed to analyze the influence of learning discipline and time management on students’ achievement in Economics subjects at MA Midanutta’lim Jogoroto during the 2025/2026 academic year. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving a population of 115 students and a sample of 90 students selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and academic records and were analyzed through multiple linear regression with SPSS version 27. The findings reveal that learning discipline had a positive and significant effect on learning achievement (Sig. = 0.000; β = 0.401), while time management also had a positive and significant effect (Sig. = 0.047; β = 0.240). Simultaneously, both variables significantly influenced learning achievement (F = 34.506; Sig. = 0.000) and explained 44.2% of the variance in students’ academic performance. The study concludes that stronger learning discipline and more effective time management contribute to improved Economics learning achievement. These findings contribute to educational management and learning behavior studies by highlighting the importance of self-regulated academic habits in Islamic boarding school-based madrasahs. Practically, the study implies that madrasahs should strengthen discipline development programs and provide time management training to support students’ academic success.

The Effectiveness of the Job Loss Insurance Program (JKP) at the Employment Social Security Administration Agency in Padang City

2026-06-22T07:51:22+08:00

Employment social protection and job loss insurance have become important issues in labor policy, yet research specifically addressing the effectiveness of the Job Loss Insurance Program (Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan, JKP) at the local level remains limited. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the JKP program implemented by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in Padang City. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving JKP beneficiaries, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan officers, and a representative of the Department of Manpower and Industry of Padang City selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles et al., consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The findings indicate that the JKP program has provided meaningful support for workers affected by termination of employment through cash assistance, access to labor market information, and job training opportunities. However, program effectiveness has not been fully optimized due to incomplete administrative documents, limited participant understanding, low digital literacy, limited human resources, uneven socialization, weak company compliance, and inconsistent inter-institutional coordination. These findings contribute to the development of program effectiveness analysis based on Campbell’s effectiveness indicators and extend current understanding of employment social security implementation at the local level. The study concludes that JKP plays an important role in supporting workers during the post-layoff transition period, but its effectiveness requires stronger administrative assistance, broader socialization, improved digital literacy support, enhanced company supervision, and more systematic coordination among BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, local government, and companies. Future research should examine the long-term impact of JKP on workers’ economic resilience and re-employment opportunities.

The Effect of Areca Nut Commodity Prices and Land Area on Farmers’ Income in Sungai Undan Village, Inhil, Riau

2026-06-22T08:00:55+08:00

Although previous studies have examined areca nut farming, production, and marketing in several regions, research specifically analyzing the effect of areca nut commodity prices and land area on farmers’ income in Sungai Undan Village, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau, remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the influence of areca nut commodity prices and land area on farmers’ income. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational survey design was employed, involving 50 areca nut farmers selected from a population of 100 farmers using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error. Data were collected through questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and village documents, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression with SPSS. The findings indicate that areca nut commodity prices have a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income, whereas land area has a positive but non-significant effect. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence farmers’ income, with an Adjusted R Square value of 0.552. These findings suggest that commodity price dynamics play a more decisive role than land ownership size in shaping farmers’ income in the study context. The study contributes to the literature on agricultural income, rural commodity trading, and Islamic economic justice by highlighting the importance of fair and transparent market mechanisms for smallholder farmers. The conclusion emphasizes the need to strengthen fairer pricing mechanisms, improve farmers’ bargaining power, and develop more transparent marketing systems to support income sustainability in rural agricultural communities.

The Influence of Content Marketing, Online Customer Reviews, Live Streaming, and Flash Sales on Purchase Decisions of Ethica Seply Products at Bindawood Purwokerto TikTok Shop

2026-06-22T08:18:48+08:00

The growth of TikTok Shop as a social commerce platform has transformed consumer purchasing behavior in the Muslim fashion industry, particularly through digital marketing strategies that integrate product information, real-time interaction, consumer-generated evaluations, and promotional incentives. This study aimed to examine the effects of content marketing, online customer reviews, live streaming, and flash sales on consumers’ purchase decisions regarding Ethica Seply products on TikTok Shop Bindawood Purwokerto. A quantitative approach with an explanatory research design was employed, involving 188 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that content marketing, online customer reviews, live streaming, and flash sales each have positive and significant effects on purchase decisions. Among these variables, online customer reviews emerged as the most influential determinant, while the four variables collectively explained 67% of the variation in purchase decisions. The study concludes that integrated digital marketing strategies play a significant role in strengthening consumer purchase decisions in social commerce environments. These findings contribute to the literature on digital marketing and social commerce by demonstrating the combined influence of content-based, interaction-based, review-based, and promotion-based strategies on consumer behavior in the Muslim fashion industry. Practically, the study implies that businesses should optimize customer review management, improve content quality, enhance live streaming engagement, and design effective flash sale programs to strengthen consumer trust and engagement.

Development of Canva-Based Learning Media for Pancasila Education in Grade XI Social Sciences at MA Al Fattahiyyah

2026-06-22T08:29:47+08:00

Pancasila Education learning at MA Al Fattahiyyah has predominantly relied on worksheets and lecture-based instruction, resulting in limited student engagement, reduced learning motivation, and difficulties in understanding instructional content. This condition highlights the need for innovative digital learning media that align with the characteristics of contemporary learners. This study aimed to develop Canva-based learning media for the topic “Citizens’ Attitudes toward the Implementation of the Governmental System of the Republic of Indonesia” in Pancasila Education and to examine the validity of the developed product. A Research and Development (R&D) approach was employed using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The participants included media experts, content experts, and Grade XI Social Sciences students at MA Al Fattahiyyah. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation and were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The findings reveal that the developed Canva-based learning media obtained a media expert validation score of 94%, categorized as highly valid, and a material expert validation score of 93%, also categorized as highly valid. The small-group trial produced a score of 77%, categorized as valid, while the large-group trial achieved 83%, categorized as highly valid. Overall, the product obtained an average feasibility score of 86.75%, indicating a highly valid level of quality and suitability for instructional use. The study concludes that Canva-based learning media are feasible as an alternative instructional resource for Pancasila Education. These findings contribute to the development of digital learning media by demonstrating the relevance of interactive, visually supported instructional resources in improving learning quality, supporting the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, and creating more engaging and meaningful learning experiences for students.

The Effect of Capital Structure, Leverage, and Firm Size on Financial Performance of Basic Materials Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

2026-06-22T08:46:14+08:00

Financial performance is a critical indicator of a company’s ability to manage resources effectively and achieve sustainable business objectives. In the basic materials sector, companies face challenges related to commodity price fluctuations, economic uncertainty, and post-pandemic pressures that may affect their financial performance. This study aimed to examine the effects of capital structure, leverage, and firm size on the financial performance of basic materials companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2024 period. A quantitative approach was employed using secondary data obtained from companies’ annual financial statements. The sample consisted of 24 companies selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The findings reveal that capital structure, measured by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), has a negative and significant effect on financial performance. Leverage, measured by the Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR), has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, whereas firm size does not have a significant effect. The study concludes that financing structure and debt management are more decisive in shaping financial performance than organizational scale. These findings contribute to corporate finance literature by providing sector-specific evidence on the determinants of financial performance in Indonesia’s basic materials sector. Practically, the study implies that companies should formulate optimal financing policies and allocate debt productively to enhance profitability and support long-term business sustainability.

The Dual Role of Middlemen in Triwungan Village in the Utilization of Digital Technology to Improve the Economic Welfare of Tobacco Farmers

2026-06-23T08:07:04+08:00

This study is motivated by the continuing dependence of tobacco farmers on middlemen for capital access, market information, and product distribution, despite the growing influence of digital technology on agricultural communication and marketing practices. This study aims to analyze the dual role of middlemen in Triwungan Village, Kotaanyar District, Probolinggo Regency, in utilizing digital technology and to examine its implications for the economic welfare of tobacco farmers. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was employed. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with informants selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, while validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that middlemen perform a dual role not only as intermediaries in crop marketing but also as providers of capital, sources of market information, and key connectors within the tobacco distribution chain. The use of WhatsApp has accelerated communication and transaction processes; however, digitalization has not substantially altered the structural dependence of farmers on middlemen. Instead, it has strengthened the position of middlemen within the marketing system. Consequently, although farmers experience improved access to information and greater communication efficiency, their bargaining position remains relatively weak. This study concludes that digital technology, when embedded within unequal agrarian marketing relations, may reinforce intermediary dominance rather than automatically improve farmers’ economic independence. The findings contribute to a more contextual understanding of digitalization in rural agricultural economies and offer practical implications for strengthening farmer-centered market access, digital literacy, and bargaining capacity.

Crane Derrick Maintenance Strategy for Smooth Loading and Unloading on MV. Blossom Pescadores

2026-06-23T20:12:07+08:00

The smoothness of loading and unloading operations is strongly influenced by the readiness of onboard cargo-handling equipment, particularly crane derrick systems on general cargo vessels. Although previous studies have examined cargo-handling equipment and shipboard maintenance, research specifically addressing crane derrick maintenance strategies using weighted SWOT analysis remains limited. This study aims to analyze the maintenance strategy for crane derrick cargo-handling equipment to support loading and unloading operations on MV. Blossom Pescadores. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study during sea practice on board the vessel. The data were analyzed using SWOT analysis by identifying internal factors, comprising strengths and weaknesses, and external factors, comprising opportunities and threats, which were then formulated into IFAS and EFAS matrices. The findings indicate that crane derrick maintenance on board was still constrained by internal weaknesses, particularly unstructured maintenance schedules, limited operational supervision, and incomplete spare part availability. However, external opportunities remained available through the continued demand for general cargo vessels and knowledge transfer from experienced officers to junior crew members. The SWOT analysis positioned the maintenance strategy in the WO quadrant, indicating that available opportunities should be used to overcome internal weaknesses. This study concludes that structured maintenance schedules, regular wire rope inspection, stronger operational supervision, improved spare part management, and crew competence development are essential to maintain crane derrick readiness. The findings provide practical implications for deck officers and shipping companies in improving the safety, smoothness, and efficiency of loading and unloading operations.

The Effect of Bank Soundness Level on Dividend Policy Using the RGEC Method in the Banking Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

2026-06-24T09:32:37+08:00

This study examines the effect of credit risk, liquidity risk, Good Corporate Governance (GCG), earnings, and capital on dividend policy, proxied by the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), among banking firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. The study is motivated by inconsistent empirical findings on the determinants of dividend policy, particularly in the banking sector, which operates under strict regulatory frameworks and has financial structures that differ from those of other industries. This study aims to analyze the effect of each determinant on dividend policy and identify the dominant factor influencing DPR. A quantitative approach was employed using panel data regression analysis. The sample consisted of banking firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the study period. The analysis applied the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model, with model selection determined through the Chow and Hausman tests. Classical assumption testing and statistical significance testing were also conducted to ensure model validity and robustness. The findings show that, partially, only the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) has a positive and statistically significant effect on DPR. In contrast, Non-Performing Loan (NPL), GCG, Return on Assets (ROA), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) do not have statistically significant effects on dividend policy. However, the simultaneous test indicates that all independent variables jointly have a significant effect on DPR. These findings suggest that dividend policy in the banking sector is primarily driven by intermediation efficiency and liquidity management rather than by risk exposure, governance mechanisms, profitability, or capital adequacy. This study concludes that liquidity is the key determinant of dividend policy in Indonesian banking firms. The study contributes to the literature on dividend policy determinants in regulated financial institutions and provides practical implications for bank management and investors by emphasizing liquidity indicators as critical considerations in dividend policy formulation and investment decision-making.