MASALIQ

Permainan Tradisional sebagai Strategi Pembelajaran Penjas Berbasis Kearifan Lokal pada Mahasiswa PGSD

Marhani Marhani — 2026-06-01

Although traditional games have been widely studied in the context of physical education in elementary schools, studies that specifically discuss their use in Physical Education learning among PGSD students remain limited. This study aims to analyze the relevance of traditional games as a Physical Education learning strategy in PGSD, particularly in developing motor skills, pedagogical competence, character values, and the preservation of local wisdom. This study used a qualitative approach with a structured literature review design. Data sources were obtained from curriculum documents, PJOK learning guidelines, physical activity recommendations, and scientific articles relevant to traditional games, physical education, and learning in elementary schools. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using content analysis by grouping the findings into the themes of curricular relevance, learning benefits, implementation strategies, and implementation challenges. The findings show that traditional games are relevant for use as a contextual, active, enjoyable, and culture-based Physical Education learning strategy. Traditional games support the development of locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative movements, coordination, balance, cooperation, sportsmanship, responsibility, and the ability of PGSD students to design PJOK learning that aligns with the characteristics of elementary school students. These findings contribute to the development of studies on physical education based on local wisdom and broaden understanding of the importance of integrating traditional games into the education of prospective elementary school teachers. The conclusion of the study affirms that traditional games play an important role in Physical Education learning in PGSD because they are able to connect aspects of movement, pedagogy, character, and culture. The implications of the study include theoretical contributions to the development of literature on Physical Education based on local culture, as well as practical implications for PGSD study programs, lecturers, and prospective teachers in designing PJOK learning that is contextual, inclusive, inexpensive, safe, and aligned with the needs of elementary school students.

Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Mengembangkan Empati dan Keterampilan Sosial Anak Usia Dini di Era Digital

Tika Wahyuningtyas — 2026-06-02

The development of empathy and social skills in early childhood is an important aspect in forming social-emotional abilities as a foundation for children’s future lives. However, the development of these two aspects faces various challenges, such as reduced social interaction due to gadget use and declining quality of interaction between children and parents. This study aims to analyze the forms of parental involvement and their implications for the development of empathy and social skills in early childhood at KB Kasih Bunda. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research subjects consisted of parents, teachers, and early childhood children selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that parental involvement is manifested through positive communication, emotional attention, assistance in children’s activities, modeling of social behavior, and habituation of prosocial attitudes. This involvement has implications for the development of children’s empathy, as shown through behaviors such as helping friends, showing concern, and comforting friends who are sad. In addition, children’s social skills develop through the ability to cooperate, share, communicate, and resolve simple conflicts. The conclusion of the study affirms that parental involvement plays an important role in supporting the development of empathy and social skills in early childhood. The implications of this study provide theoretical contributions to the development of early childhood education studies, particularly in the social-emotional aspect, as well as practical implications for parents, teachers, and early childhood education institutions in building family-school synergy to create an environment that optimally supports children’s social-emotional development.

Kemampuan Level Representasi Kimia Murid Kelas X pada Materi Hukum-Hukum Dasar Kimia

Gilang Fadjar Azani — 2026-06-05

The ability to use chemical representation levels is important in helping students understand chemistry concepts comprehensively through the interconnection of macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic representations. The Basic Laws of Chemistry is a fundamental topic that requires students to be able to connect these three levels of representation; however, students still experience difficulties, especially in understanding concepts at the particle or microscopic level. This study aims to describe the chemical representation level ability of Grade X students on the topic of the Basic Laws of Chemistry at SMA Negeri 9 Pekanbaru. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach with a survey design. The research sample consisted of 102 students from classes X-5, X-6, and X-7, selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected using a written essay test consisting of 15 items and covering three levels of chemical representation, namely macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively by calculating the percentage of students’ ability at each level of representation. The results showed that students’ overall chemical representation level ability was in the good category, with an average percentage of 75%. Symbolic representation ability obtained the highest percentage, at 78%, in the good category, followed by macroscopic representation at 76% in the good category and microscopic representation at 70% in the good category. These findings indicate that students more easily understand chemistry concepts in the form of symbols and calculations than abstract concepts at the particle level. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that students’ microscopic representation ability still needs to be improved so that the interconnection among macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic representations can be formed more optimally in chemistry learning.

Kemampuan Literasi Sains Kimia dan Hubungannya dengan Prestasi Belajar Murid Kelas X pada Materi Hukum – Hukum Dasar Kimia

Diannisa Mahiru Suryani — 2026-06-05

Scientific literacy is an important competence in chemistry learning because it supports students in understanding concepts, applying scientific knowledge, and interpreting phenomena rationally. However, the relationship between chemical scientific literacy and students’ learning achievement on the topic of the Basic Laws of Chemistry still needs to be examined empirically. This study aims to describe chemical scientific literacy, students’ learning achievement, and analyze the relationship between chemical scientific literacy and learning achievement on the topic of the Basic Laws of Chemistry at SMAN 5 Pekanbaru. This study used a correlational quantitative approach with a survey method. The research sample consisted of 98 Grade XI students selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a chemical scientific literacy test based on PISA scientific literacy dimensions and documentation of learning achievement scores, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that students’ chemical scientific literacy was in the high category, with an average score of 79.63, whereas learning achievement was in the good category, with an average score of 87.57. The correlation test results showed a positive and significant relationship between chemical scientific literacy and students’ learning achievement (r_s = 0.537; p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the higher students’ chemical scientific literacy, the higher the learning achievement attained on the topic of the Basic Laws of Chemistry. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening scientific literacy in chemistry learning to support conceptual understanding and improve learning achievement. The implications of this study provide practical contributions for chemistry teachers in designing learning oriented toward the development of scientific literacy and the achievement of more optimal learning outcomes.

Peran Literasi Digital dan Literasi AI dalam Mendukung Technology-Enhanced Learning pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Makassar

Andi Asti Handayani — 2026-06-06

The development of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) has driven the transformation of learning in higher education through the Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) approach. However, the successful implementation of TEL is determined not only by the availability of technology but also by students’ ability to use technology effectively. This study aims to analyze the role of Digital Literacy and AI Literacy in supporting Technology-Enhanced Learning among Economic Education students at Universitas Negeri Makassar. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. The research sample consisted of 90 students selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of the JASP application. The results showed that all instruments were valid and reliable, and the data met the assumptions of normality, linearity, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Partially, Digital Literacy and AI Literacy had positive and significant effects on Technology-Enhanced Learning. Simultaneously, both variables also had a significant effect on Technology-Enhanced Learning, with a coefficient of determination of 34.5%. Digital Literacy had a more dominant effect than AI Literacy. The conclusion of this study affirms that improving students’ digital and AI competencies is an important factor in supporting the effectiveness of technology-based learning. The implications of this study provide practical contributions for higher education institutions in strengthening digital literacy and AI literacy through curriculum development and learning strategies that are adaptive to technological transformation.

Pengembangan dan Evaluasi Kepraktisan E-Modul Manajemen Koperasi Berbasis Studi Kasus untuk Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi

Tuti Supatminingsih — 2026-06-06

Cooperative Management learning in higher education still faces challenges in connecting theoretical concepts with real problems encountered by cooperatives, while the availability of contextual digital learning resources aligned with the characteristics of Economic Education students remains limited. This study aims to develop and evaluate the practicality of a case-study-based Cooperative Management e-module for Economic Education students. This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects consisted of two expert validators and five Economic Education students as users in a small-group trial. Data were collected through validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using percentages. The results showed that the developed e-module obtained a material validity level of 92.00% and a media validity level of 93.00%, both in the very valid category. The practicality test results showed a percentage of 92.50% in the very practical category. This e-module was able to support contextual learning, increase student engagement, and help students analyze cooperative cases more systematically. The conclusion of this study affirms that the case-study-based Cooperative Management e-module is feasible for use as a digital learning resource in Cooperative Management learning. The implications of this study indicate that the development of technology- and case-study-based learning resources can serve as an innovative alternative to improve the quality of Economic Education learning in higher education.

Effect of Polyol Synthesis Parameters on Particle Size and Crystal Size of ZnO: A Systematic Review

Kormil Saputra — 2026-06-09

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are semiconductor oxide materials that have been widely developed because of their high chemical stability, relatively low synthesis cost, and broad potential applications in photocatalysis, sensors, pigments, catalysts, optical materials, and nanofluid systems. Particle size and crystallite size are critical parameters because they directly influence surface area, crystallinity, morphology, charge transfer, and the functional performance of ZnO. This study aims to examine the effects of synthesis parameters in the polyol method on the particle size and crystallite size of ZnO-based nanomaterials through a systematic literature review. Relevant literature published between 2021 and 2026 was collected from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using Boolean search strategies. The selected articles were screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed using a descriptive-comparative approach. The review findings indicate that the polyol method influences the morphostructural characteristics of ZnO through several synthesis variables, including the type of polyol, precursor ratio, water content, base concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, surfactants, stabilizers, and post-synthesis treatment. Ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol tend to support the formation of ZnO with smaller crystallite size and more controlled morphology, whereas prolonged reaction time and high-temperature calcination may increase crystal growth. In addition, doping and the use of surfactants can restrict crystal growth and reduce agglomeration. This review concludes that the polyol method is effective for controlling the particle size and crystallite size of ZnO; however, simultaneous optimization of synthesis parameters is required to obtain ZnO nanomaterials with morphostructural characteristics suitable for functional applications.

Pengaruh Parameter Green Sintesis TiO₂ Berbasis Metode Solvotermal terhadap Ukuran Partikel dan Ukuran Kristal: A Systematic Review

Dian Wijaya Kurniawidi — 2026-06-09

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a semiconductor material widely used in photocatalysis, sensor, energy conversion, and environmental remediation applications because its performance is strongly influenced by structural characteristics, particularly particle size, crystal size, morphology, and crystal phase. This systematic review aims to analyze the influence of green synthesis parameters based on the solvothermal method on the particle size and crystal size of TiO₂. Articles were collected from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases within the 2021–2025 publication range using combinations of Boolean keywords related to solvothermal synthesis, TiO₂, and green synthesis. Article selection was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria emphasizing original research articles, the use of the solvothermal method, a green synthesis approach, and the availability of material characterization data. The review results showed that four articles met the inclusion criteria, with variations in TiO₂ particle size ranging from 25.41 to 100 nm and crystal size ranging from 0.96 to 31.9 nm. Parameters such as precursor type, solvent, green extract, solvothermal temperature, and processing time played important roles in regulating nucleation, crystal growth, surface stabilization, and particle agglomeration. The smallest particle size was obtained in the titanium isopropoxide–deionized water–banana peel system at 100 °C, whereas modified systems such as Ag-doped TiO₂ and TiO₂@g-C₃N₄ showed that application performance is determined not only by particle size but also by electronic engineering and interface structure. The conclusion of this review affirms that the optimization of green solvothermal synthesis of TiO₂ needs to be directed toward integrated control of particle size, crystal size, crystal phase, morphology, and application performance. The implications of this review contribute to the development of more targeted, efficient, and relevant green TiO₂ synthesis for sustainable functional material applications.

Application of Statistical Analysis in Information Systems to Support Data-Driven Decision Making: A Literature Study

Ade Putra Syawaludin — 2026-06-11

Although information systems are increasingly used to support organizational decision processes, understanding of how statistical analysis is applied within these systems and how it contributes to decision quality remains limited. This study aims to examine the application of statistical analysis in information systems to support data-driven decision making. Using a literature review approach, this study analyzes relevant scientific articles on statistical analysis, information systems, business intelligence, decision support systems, and data-driven decision making. The findings indicate that statistical analysis plays a central role in transforming data into meaningful information through descriptive analysis, correlation, regression, prediction, classification, and data visualization. Its integration into information systems enables organizations to understand actual conditions, identify patterns, estimate trends, and formulate more objective decision recommendations. This study concludes that the integration of statistical analysis in information systems can improve evidence-based, measurable, and organizationally relevant decision making. The study contributes to the literature by clarifying the analytical role of statistical methods in information systems and provides practical implications for organizations seeking to strengthen decision quality through data-driven approaches.

Optimalisasi Calming Corner untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Emosional Anak dalam Kurikulum PAUD

Nisrina Mutia Afifah — 2026-06-11

Although Calming Corner has begun to be used in early childhood education practice, in-depth studies on its role in supporting children’s emotional stability at school remain limited. This study aims to examine the role and strategies for utilizing Calming Corner as a means of supporting children’s emotional independence in the current early childhood education curriculum. This study used a library research method by reviewing fifteen scientific literature sources published in the last five years. The results of the review show that the most effective arrangement of Calming Corner is an integrated model that combines the Montessori principle of order, the flexibility of the Kaizen method, and the support of modern sensory teaching aids. The findings also reveal a shift in the function of Calming Corner, from merely a classroom display element to a recovery space that helps children recognize their own condition and calm themselves independently. The conclusion of this study affirms that Calming Corner serves as a “second teacher” that supports a shift in classroom management approaches, from strict external supervision toward the development of children’s internal self-regulation. Theoretically, this review enriches the literature on calming learning environments, while practically, it provides guidance for teachers in integrating a non-punitive emotional pause space into KOSP documents. These findings imply the strengthening of educational practices that care for children’s mental health and support the realization of the independent Profil Pelajar Pancasila.

Potensi Senyawa Bioaktif Pegagan (Centella asiatica) sebagai Antigastritis melalui Pendekatan In Silico

Tabitha Oschika Putri — 2026-06-17

Gastritis is an inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa with a high prevalence in Indonesia and worldwide, while the long-term use of proton pump inhibitor drugs, such as Omeprazole, has the potential to cause side effects, making safer natural alternatives necessary. This study aims to evaluate the antigastritis potential of ten phytochemical compounds of Centella asiatica through an in silico approach using the molecular docking method against the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase target (PDB ID: 3IX3). This study included protein preparation, ligand preparation, docking validation through redocking, molecular docking analysis, and ADMET prediction using AutoDock Vina, SwissADME, and ProTox-II. The results show that asiaticoside, quadranoside, madecassic acid, and epicatechin had good binding affinity and stable interactions at the active site of the protein. Several compounds also showed good pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. The conclusion of this study affirms that the phytochemical compounds of Centella asiatica have potential as candidates for natural antigastritis agents through the mechanism of inhibiting the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase target. The implications of this study provide an initial basis for the development of natural product-based drug candidates and open opportunities for further research through in vitro and in vivo tests to validate their effectiveness and safety.

Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Gelatin dari Kulit Ayam dengan Praperlakuan Asam Sitrat

Armayanti Akhiriyah Parinduri — 2026-06-18

Although many studies have been conducted on gelatin from poultry waste, research that specifically discusses the characterization of chicken skin gelatin extracted using citric acid pretreatment and water bath heating remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and molecular structure of broiler chicken skin gelatin extracted with 1.3% citric acid pretreatment. This study used a laboratory experimental approach. Data were collected through tests of yield, moisture content, ash content, pH, viscosity, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, and were then analyzed descriptively and compared with gelatin quality standards. The results show that chicken skin gelatin had a yield of 11.73%, moisture content of 9.21%, ash content of 2.84%, pH of 7.35, and viscosity of 3.23 cP. All of these parameters met the gelatin quality standards based on SNI, while the viscosity and pH values remained within the GMIA standard range. FTIR analysis showed the presence of Amide A at 3280 cm⁻¹, Amide I at 1631 cm⁻¹, Amide II at 1533 cm⁻¹, and Amide III at 1239 cm⁻¹, indicating the transformation of collagen into gelatin. The conclusion of this study affirms that extraction using 1.3% citric acid pretreatment and the water bath method can produce chicken skin gelatin with good physicochemical characteristics. The implications of this study indicate the potential of broiler chicken skin as an alternative halal gelatin source that can be developed to support the value-added utilization of poultry waste.

Potensi Kulit Tuna (Thunnus sp.) sebagai Sumber Gelatin melalui Pretreatment Asam Kandis dan Ultrasonikasi

Khairannisa Khairannisa — 2026-06-19

Although gelatin extraction from tuna skin has been widely studied, the use of asam kandis as a natural acid combined with ultrasonic bath assistance remains limited. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics and functional groups of tuna skin gelatin extracted using asam kandis and an ultrasonic bath. This study employed a quantitative approach with a laboratory experimental design. The extraction process included pretreatment using 0.1 M NaOH for 2 hours, soaking in an asam kandis solution at pH 2.4 for 1 hour, and extraction using an ultrasonic bath at 55 °C for 90 minutes. The data were analyzed through tests of yield, moisture content, ash content, fat content, pH, viscosity, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. The results showed that the gelatin produced had a yield of 12.45%, moisture content of 10.14%, ash content of 1.62%, fat content of 1.46%, pH of 6.51, and viscosity of 1.99 cP, thereby meeting gelatin quality standards. FTIR analysis identified characteristic gelatin absorption bands at wavenumbers of 3278 cm⁻¹ (Amide A), 1633 cm⁻¹ (Amide I), 1531 cm⁻¹ (Amide II), and 1243 cm⁻¹ (Amide III). These findings indicate that the combination of asam kandis and an ultrasonic bath can produce tuna skin gelatin with good physicochemical characteristics and has the potential to be developed as an alternative to commercial gelatin.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Ikan Marlin (Makaira nigricans) sebagai Sumber Gelatin dengan Pretreatment Asam Kandis

Viona Oktafiani — 2026-06-24

Marlin fish skin is a by-product of the fisheries industry that contains collagen and has the potential to be utilized as an alternative gelatin raw material, but its utilization through natural acid-based pretreatment and ultrasonically assisted extraction remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the utilization of marlin fish skin waste as a source of gelatin through kandis acid pretreatment and ultrasonically assisted extraction. This study used an experimental method with pretreatment stages using kandis acid, followed by extraction using an ultrasonic bath. The resulting gelatin was analyzed based on yield, physicochemical properties, and functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the study show that marlin fish skin gelatin produced a yield of 9.20%, moisture content of 9.91%, ash content of 0.49%, fat content of 1.99%, pH of 6.56, viscosity of 2.33 cP, melting point of 21°C, and gel point of 3°C. The moisture content, ash content, fat content, pH, and viscosity values met the quality requirements of SNI 06-3735-1995 and GMIA (2019). FTIR analysis identified Amide A bands at 3275 cm⁻¹, Amide I at 1632 cm⁻¹, Amide II at 1530 cm⁻¹, and Amide III at 1242 cm⁻¹, indicating similarity to standard gelatin. The conclusion of the study affirms that marlin fish skin waste can be utilized as a source of gelatin through kandis acid pretreatment and ultrasonically assisted extraction, with physicochemical characteristics that meet quality requirements. These findings have implications for developing the utilization of fisheries by-products as value-added alternative gelatin raw materials and have the potential to support the development of commercial gelatin products.

Analisis Biochemical Oksigen Demand (BOD) pada Sampel Air Sungai Konsumen Menggunakan Metode Winkler di UPTD Laboratorium Lingkungan Kota Pariaman

Mutiara Dea Ananda — 2026-06-24

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important parameter in water quality assessment because it indicates the amount of dissolved oxygen required by microorganisms to biologically degrade organic compounds. This study aims to analyze BOD values in river water samples in Pariaman City as an indicator of the level of organic pollution in aquatic environments. Testing was conducted using the BOD method by measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) levels on day 0 and day 5 after incubation at 20 ± 1 °C. The analyzed samples consisted of three sample codes, namely S.186, S.187, and S.188. The test results showed that all samples experienced a decrease in DO levels after five days of incubation. The BOD values obtained were 2.84 mg/L in sample S.186, 1.95 mg/L in sample S.187, and 3.28 mg/L in sample S.188, respectively. The highest BOD value was found in sample S.188, indicating a higher organic matter content than the other samples. The quality control results showed that the blank, mineral-free water, glucose-glutamate standard, and percentage Relative Percent Difference (%RPD) met the method requirements, so the test data were declared valid. The conclusion of the study shows that the water quality of the analyzed samples was in the low to moderate pollution category. These findings have implications as supporting data in the evaluation of river water quality through environmental laboratory testing and as a basis for periodic water quality monitoring.