African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence

Mathematical Modeling of Security Forces – Insurgent Dynamics in Nigeria

2024-09-03T09:00:03+00:00

In this study, a mathematical model of the dynamics of the interaction between Nigerian security forces and armed groups was developed. This model is based on demographic principles. When developing the model, the dynamics were conceptualized and structured along with the dynamics of predators and prey. The model developed was an analysis based on the Routh-Hurtwiz standard. The equilibrium points of the model were determined and their stability analysis was performed. The equilibrium factor is domestically asymptotically stable. In addition, we conducted numerical experiments to simulate the solution of the model. This study suggests that security agencies should be proactive in their response and improve their intelligence, peace building and weapons skills in combat conflicts in order to motivate security forces. Strengthen security forces and rehabilitation centers and improve rehabilitation programs for society as a whole.

An Efficient Non-Linear Estimator for Estimating the Finite Population Distribution Function under Simple Random Sampling Design

2024-09-03T09:04:34+00:00

The main purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient non-linear estimator for estimating the population distribution function under Simple Random Sampling (SRS). The properties (Bias and Mean Square Error (MSE)) of the suggested estimator are obtained up to the first-order approximation using Taylor’s series expansion approach. The performance of the proposed estimator over some existing estimators is theoretically compared and efficiency conditions under which the proposed estimator outperforms existing estimators were obtained. The theoretical findings are supported numerically by empirical studies using five different population data sets and the result shows that the proposed estimator performed better than the existing estimators considered in the literature.

Telfairia occidentalis Ameliorates Streptozotocin-induced Testicular Oxidative stress by Restoring Endogenous Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Inhibiting Apoptosis, and Pro-inflammatory cytokines

2024-09-03T09:09:32+00:00

The study investigated the protective role of Telfairia occidentalis (TO) against Streptozotocin-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats, by observing the levels of prooxidants, endogenous antioxidant enzymes inflammatory biomarkers, as well as apoptotic proteins. Thirty-five animals were used for this study and shared into five groups of seven animals each. Group 1 (normal control) received distilled water throughout the experiment. Groups 2-5 received 10% fructose ad libitum for 14 days followed by a single injection of 40 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin, intraperitoneally. After confirmation of diabetes mellitus, group 2 rats received 0.5ml distilled water, group 3 received TO (200 mg/kg body weight), group 4 received TO (300 mg/kg body weight) and group 5 received Metformin (300 mg/kg body weight). All treatments lasted for 28 days, followed by the sacrifice of all experimental animals and the harvest of their testes for biochemical analyses. Results revealed that streptozotocin administration decreased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH, GST, GPx, CAT while elevating MDA levels in groups 2-5 animals when compared with group 1. Treatment with TO showed increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced MDA levels. Furthermore, streptozotocin administration increased the levels of the inflammatory biomarkers MPO, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, and the apoptotic protein, caspase-3 in groups 2-5 animals when compared with group 1. However, these elevations were reversed by the administration of TO. In conclusion, Telfairia occidentalis demonstrates significant protective effects on the antioxidant status and inhibits oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines in the testes of diabetic rats. This indicates its potential therapeutic value in mitigating diabetes-related testicular complications through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.

The Weibull-Exponentiated Exponential Cure Fraction Model for Right Censored Survival Data with Applications to Cancer Data

2024-09-19T07:09:29+00:00

The cure fraction model also known as the long-term survival model is used in fitting data from a population with two different types of individuals: individuals who experienced the event of interest (susceptible) and individuals who will never experience the event of interest (non-susceptible). The present paper introduced a cure fraction model considering the Weibull exponentiated exponential distribution that will be used in modeling such type of information. The parameters of the model were estimated via the maximum likelihood procedure (MLE) under the assumption of right censoring. Furthermore, the statistical properties of the model were studied comprehensively. Simulation studies and medical data sets were used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. Bias and standard error were used as discrimination criteria in the simulation study while Akaike Information criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Consistent Akaike Information criteria (CAIC) were used as discrimination criteria in real-life applications. Results from the applications showed that the Weibull exponentiated exponential non-mixture cure fraction model is a strong competitor.